Pt 541 Neuroanatomy Exam 1 Mc

Front 1

Which of the following is not a term used to describe a bundle of myelinated axons that travel together in the central nervous system?
A. Peduncle
B. Lemniscus
C. Column
D. Ganglia
E. Fasciculus

Back 1

D. Ganglia

Front 2

The outer surface of cerebrum is made of white matter while the outer surface of the spinal cord is made of grey matter. T/F

Back 2

False

Front 3

Elevates shoulder and turns head describes the function of which cranial nerve?
A. IX Glossopharyngeal
B. X Vagus
C. XI Accessory
D. XII Hypoglossal

Back 3

C. XI Accessory

Front 4

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into how many lobes?
A. 8
B. 6
C. 4
D. 2
E. 0

Back 4

B. 6

Front 5

Two pairs of arteries supply blood to the brain. They are:
A. Two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries
B. Two external carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries
C. Two internal carotid arteries and two posterior spinal arteries
D. Two external carotid arteries and two posterior spinal arteries

Back 5

A. Two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries

Front 6

Organs are formed in what stage of development?
a- Ectodermic stage
b- Embryonic stage
c- Pre-embryonic stage
d- Fetal stage

Back 6

b- Embryonic stage

Front 7

The __________ develops to become the sensory organs, epidermis, and nervous system.
a- Mesoderm
b- Ectoderm
c- Endoderm
d- Dermatome

Back 7

b- Ectoderm

Front 8

The Inferior neuropore closes around what day?
a- 18
b- 27
c- 26
d- 30

Back 8

d- 30

Front 9

On day 26 of neural tube development the neural tube differentiates into two concentric rings. The outer ring is called the _________ layer, and develops into _________ matter.
a- Mantle, gray
b- Marginal, gray
c- Mantle, white
d- Marginal, white

Back 9

d- Marginal, white

Front 10

The somite can differentiate to become the________?
a- Mesoderm
b- Dermatome
c- Scleratome
d- A & B
e- B & C

Back 10

e- B & C

Front 11

What is the difference in pattern of progression between an epidural and subdural hematoma?
A. Subdural hematomas and epidural hematomas progresses equally over time because both involve venous bleeding.
B. Subdural hematoma progresses overa few minutes to a few hours because of venous bleeding while an epidural hematoma progresses over a few days to a few months because of arterial bleeding.
C. Subdural hematoma progresses over a few days to a few months because of venous bleeding while an epidural hematoma progresses over a few minutes to a few hours because of arterial bleeding.
D. Subdural hematomas and epidural hematomas progresses equally over time because both involve arterial bleeding.

Back 11

C. Subdural hematoma progresses over a few days to a few months because of venous bleeding while an epidural hematoma progresses over a few minutes to a few hours because of arterial bleeding.

Front 12

What is the correct order of the meninges from deep to superficial?
A. Epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater.
B. Pia mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, subdural space, dura mater, epidural space.
C. Epidural space, dura mater, suprarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater.
D. Pia mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, dura mater, epidural space.

Back 12

B. Pia mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid mater, subdural space, dura mater, epidural space.

Front 13

What is the correct flow of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid?
A. Third ventricle, interventricular foramen, lateral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space.
B. Lateral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, third ventricle, interventricular foramen, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space.
C. Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, dural sinus.
D. Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space.

Back 13

D. Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space.

Front 14

What is not a cause of hydrocephalus?
A. Congenital failure of choroid plexus formation
B. Cyst in the fourth ventricle
C. Congenital failure of fourth ventricle to open
D. Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
E. Overproduction of CSF.

Back 14

A. Congenital failure of choroid plexus formation

Front 15

How are strokes classified?
A. By the extent of disability of the mind and/or body.
B. By the size of thrombus or hemorrhage.
C. By their progression, etiology and location.
D. By length of time of symptoms.

Back 15

C. By their progression, etiology and location.

Front 16

Strokes of the middle cerebral artery can cause loss of half of the visual field in both eyes. This occurs on contralateral side to the stroke and is known as...



A. Hemipraxia
B. Paraopthalmia
C. Choroideremia
D. Hemianopsia

Back 16

D. Hemianopsia

Front 17

T/F...Males are affected by MCA strokes 3 times more frequently than females.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Most of the time (80%), MCA strokes are. ..

A. Ischemic
B. Hemorrhagic
C. Thrombotic
D. All of the above
E. A&B only

Back 18

Ischemic

Front 19

The most likely candidate for an MCA stroke is...

A. A 58 year old post-menopausal woman of Mediterranean descent with low iron levels.
B. A 90 year old Caucasian male amputee with history of prostate cancer
C. A 78 year old African American male diabetic with heart disease
D. A 66 year old Asian female with hypertension.

Back 19

C. A 78 year old African American male diabetic with heart disease

Front 20

Sensory and motor effects from an MCA stroke are observed where on the body

A. Contralateral side
B. Ipsilateral side
C. Cephalic side
D. Caudal side

Back 20

A. Contralateral side

Front 21

Which of the following is NOT a region of the nervous system?

A. Peripheral Nervous System
B. Spinal Region
C. Brainstem and Cerebellar Region
D. Cerebral Region
E. None of the above

Back 21

E. None of the above

Front 22

Which of the following arteries supply blood to the brain?

A. Two Vertebral Arteries
B. Two Internal Carotid Arteries
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

Back 22

C. Both A and B

Front 23

Which of the following Structures make up the diencephalon?

A. Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalasmus, Subthalamus
B. Medulla, Pons, Midbrain
C. Dorsal Horn, Lateral Horn, Ventral horn
D. Thalamus, Medulla, Hypothalamus

Back 23

A. Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalasmus, Subthalamus

Front 24

What is the general flow of CSF?

A. Lateral ventricles, Cerebral aqueduct, 3rd ventricle, Interventricular foramen, 4th ventricle, exits via lateral and medial formina to CNS
B. Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, exits via lateral and medial formina to CNS
C.Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, 4th ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 3rd ventricle, exits via lateral and medial formina to CNS
D. 3rd ventricle, interventricular foramen, Lateral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, exits via lateral and medial formina to CNS

Back 24

B. Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, exits via lateral and medial formina to CNS

Front 25

What is white matter composed of?

A. Dorsal horn, Lateral horn, Ventral horn
B. Dorsal column, lateral Column, Anterior column
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

Back 25

B. Dorsal column, lateral Column, Anterior column

Front 26

The endoderm becomes which of the following during embryonic development?
A. Nervous and Respiratory systems
B. Dermis and Epidermis
C. Gut, Liver, and Pancreas
D. Excretory and Circulatory functions
E. None of the Above

Back 26

C. Gut, Liver, and Pancreas

Front 27

Which of the following is ARE types of Spina Bifida?
A. Meningocele
B. Myeloschisis
C. Occulta
D. A and B only
E. All of the Above

Back 27

E. All of the Above

Front 28

As the Neural tube develops, which of the following is NOT true about the Dorsal section?
A. Axons grow to innervate with myotome region
B. Also know as association plate
C. Eventually becomes dorsal horn in mature spinal cord
D. Interneurons are created

Back 28

A. Axons grow to innervate with myotome region

Front 29

In adulthood, the end of the spinal cord is approximately at which vertebral level?
A. L5-S1
B. L4-L5
C. L1-L2
D. L3-L4
E. None of the Above

Back 29

C. L1-L2

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT true concerning Arnold-Chiari malformation?
A. Consists of malformation of the pons, medulla, and inferior cerebellum.
B. Type 1 produces Hydrocephalus
C. Causes the cerebellum to protrude down into the spinal canal.
D. Can be associated with spina bifida

Back 30

B. Type 1 produces Hydrocephalus

Front 31

Which dural septa separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
A. Falx Cerebelli
B. Tentorium Cerebelli
C. Falx Cerebri
D. DiaphragmaSellae

Back 31

C. Falx Cerebri

Front 32

Where does CSF flow after the Fourth Ventricle?
A. Down central canal of the spinal cord
B. Foramen of Magendie
C. 2 Foramen of Luschka
D. All of the above

Back 32

D. All of the above

Front 33

Hydrocephalus is usually caused by:
A. Disease of meninges
B. Blockage of CSF circulation
C. Trauma
D. Blockage of artery to the brain

Back 33

B. Blockage of CSF circulation

Front 34

Which type of Hematoma has the highest mortality rate?
A. Acute subdural hematoma
B. Chronic subdural hematoma
C. Epidural hematoma
D. Subacute subdural hematoma

Back 34

A. Acute subdural hematoma

Front 35

CSF flows between the Third and Fourth ventricles through the:
A. Central canal
B. Interventicular foramen
C. Cerebral aqueduct
D. Dural sinus

Back 35

C. Cerebral aqueduct

Front 36

Commonly caused by some blow to the head, this injury is a result of arterial bleeding between the skull and dura mater, causing a separation of these layers.
A. Hydrocephalus
B. Subdural hematoma
C. Epidural hematoma
D. Ischemic stroke
E. None of the above

Back 36

C. Epidural hematoma

Front 37

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of Epidural Hematomas?
A. A worsening headache
B. Vomiting
C. Decreasing consciousness
D. Blurred vision
E. Babinski’s sign

Back 37

D. Blurred vision

Front 38

What is the difference between Epidural and Subdural Hematomas in terms of bleeding?
A. Subdural Hematomas are usually associated with slower bleeding, due to a venous origin. Faster bleeding occurs during Epidural Hematomas, which consist of higher-pressure arterial bleeding.
B. Subdural Hematomas are usually associated with faster bleeding, due to a venous origin. Slower bleeding occurs during Epidural Hematomas, which consist of higher-pressure arterial bleeding.
C. Subdural Hematomas are usually associated with faster bleeding, due to an arterial origin. Slower bleeding occurs during Epidural Hematomas, which consist of higher-pressure venous bleeding.
D. Subdural Hematomas are usually associated with slower bleeding, due to an arterial origin. Faster bleeding occurs during Epidural Hematomas, which consist of higher-pressure venous bleeding.
E. There are no differences in terms of bleeding between Epidural and Subdural Hematomas.

Back 38

A. Subdural Hematomas are usually associated with slower bleeding, due to a venous origin. Faster bleeding occurs during Epidural Hematomas, which consist of higher-pressure arterial bleeding.

Front 39

A subdural hematoma occurs between which two meningeal layers?
A. Skull and dura mater
B. Dura and arachnoid mater
C. Arachnoid and pia mater
D. Dura and pia mater
E. Skull and arachnoid mater

Back 39

B. Dura and arachnoid mater

Front 40

Treatment for subdural hematomas includes which of the following?
A. Surgery: drilling a small hole in the skull and sucking the hematoma out.
B. Oral medications
C. Body heals itself
D. A and B
E. A and C

Back 40

E. A and C

Front 41

Name the word that doesn’t belong when talking about the area where the axons travel in the CNS:
A. lemniscus
B. Capsule
C. Shaft
D. Fasciculus

Back 41

C. Shaft

Front 42

Which of the following is located in the gray matter of the spinal cord?
A. Dorsal Column
B. Ventral Horn
C. Funiculi
D. Ventral Column

Back 42

B. Ventral Horn

Front 43

Which of the following Cranial Nerves is not purely sensory or purely motor?
A. Oculomotor III
B. Facial VI
C. Accessory XI
D. Vagus X

Back 43

D. Vagus X

Front 44

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the cerebrum?
A. External Carotid
B. Vertebral
C. Basilar
D. Internal Carotid

Back 44

D. Internal Carotid

Front 45

How many arteries make up the Circle of Willis?
A. 5
B. 9
C. 7
D. 11

Back 45

B. 9

Front 46

Which of the following pairings is correct?

A) Preembryonic Stage= from conception to 2 weeks
B) Embryonic Stage= from the end of 8th week until birth
C) Fetal stage= from 2nd to end of 8th week
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Back 46

A) Preembryonic Stage= from conception to 2 weeks

Front 47

During the Embryonic Stage of development, the ectoderm forms what organs?
A) Gut, liver, pancreas, respiratory system
B) Sensory organs, epidermis, nervous system
C)Dermis, muscles, skeleton, excretory and circulatory functions
D) Lungs, heart, spleen, liver, gall bladder

Back 47

B) Sensory organs, epidermis, nervous system

Front 48

Another term for the hindbrain is:

A) Prosencephalon
B) Mesencephalon
C) Rhombencephalon
D) Myeloencephalon

Back 48

C) Rhombencephalon

Front 49

Which of the following is correct in regards to the formation of the neural tube:

A) Occurs from day 18 to 26
B) Formations occurs as Neural Plate  Neural Groove  Neural Tube
C) Open ends in tube are known as neuropores
D) The neural tube is completed in the cervical region first
E) B and D
F )All of the above

Back 49

F )All of the above

Front 50

T/F
Chiari malformation is a condition in which the cerebellum portion of the brain protrudes down into the spinal canal.

Back 50

True

Front 51

The most prominent symptom of a subdural hematoma is:
a. Worsening headache
b. Lucid interval
c. Nausea
d. Confusion

Back 51

d. Confusion

Front 52

Which answer shows the correct flow of Cerebral Spinal Fluid?
a. Lateral ventricles cerebral aqueduct  3rd ventricle  interventricular foramen  4th ventricle  4 exits (Lushka, Magendie, or Cenral Canal)  subarachnoid space  Arachnoid villi  dural sinuses  jugular vein.
b. Lateral ventricles  interventricular foramen  3rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  4th ventricle  4 exits (Lushka, Magendie, or Cenral Canal)  subarachnoid space  Arachnoid villi  dural sinuses  jugular vein.
c. Lateral ventricles  foramina of Lushka 3rd ventricle interventricular foramen  4th ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  subarachnoid space  arachnoid villi  dural sinuses  jugular vein.
d. Lateral ventricles  interventricular foramen 3rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  4th ventricle  4 exits (Lushka, Magendie, or Cenral Canal)  subdural space  arachnoid villi  dural sinuses  jugular vein.

Back 52

b. Lateral ventricles  interventricular foramen  3rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  4th ventricle  4 exits (Lushka, Magendie, or Cenral Canal)  subarachnoid space  Arachnoid villi  dural sinuses  jugular vein.

Front 53

Which type of hematoma is the most lethal?
a. Epidural hematoma
b. Subacute subdural hematoma
c. Chronic subdural hematoma
d. Acute subdural hematoma
e. All are equally lethal

Back 53

d. Acute subdural hematoma

Front 54

True or False: 70-80% of epidural hematomas occur within the temporal bone region (pterion).
a. True
b. False

Back 54

a. True

Front 55

Purely motor or sensory symptoms are signs of a:
a. Embolic stroke
b. Small vessel thrombotic stroke
c. Large vessel thrombotic stroke
d. None of the above

Back 55

b. Small vessel thrombotic stroke

Front 56

Which of the following is not a symptom of meningitis?
A) High Fever
B) Photophobia
C) Blurred Vision
D) Difficulty Waking Up

Back 56

C) Blurred Vision

Front 57

For which of the following types of meningitis will the patient recover within 3 days to 2 weeks with just rest and lots of fluids?
A) Bacterial
B) Viral
C) Fungal
D) Both Viral and Bacterial
E) Both Viral and Fungal

Back 57

B) Viral

Front 58

Which of the following factors can be used to predict risk of death from meningitis?
A) Abnormally low red blood cell count
B) Decreased level of consciousness
C) Severity of the generalized illness
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Back 58

D) B and C

Front 59

Mortality Rate from meningitis is lowest for:
A) Geriatrics
B) Adults
C) Infants
D) Older Children

Back 59

D) Older Children

Front 60

T/F There is evidence to suggest that genetics play a role in the susceptibility and severity of meningococcal disease in children

Back 60

True

Front 61

Name the six lobes that make up each cerebral hemisphere.

Back 61

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Limbic, Insular

Front 62

Which of the following set of cranial nerves are primarily motor nerves?
a. III Oculomotor, I Optic, X Vagus
b. V Trigeminal, IV Trochlear, VI Abducens
c. X Vagus, VII Facial, XII Hypoglossal
d. VI Abducens, XI Accessory, VII Facial
e. XII Hypoglossal, IV Trochlear, XI Accessory

Back 62

e. XII Hypoglossal, IV Trochlear, XI Accessory

Front 63

Through which passage does CSF not immediately leave a ventricle to circulate around the central nervous system?
a. Left Lateral Foramina
b. Medial Foramen
c. Cerebral Aqueduct
d. Central Canal
e. More than one of the above

Back 63

c. Cerebral Aqueduct

Front 64

Which of the following arteries is not paired?
a. Posterior spinal artery
b. Segmental artery
c. Posterior communicating artery
d. Anterior spinal artery
e. Anterior medullary artery

Back 64

d. Anterior spinal artery

Front 65

Which of the following cerebral arteries is correctly matched with its corresponding anatomic area of the brain?
a. Middle cerebral artery – Longitudinal fissure
b. Posterior cerebral artery – Midbrain
c. Anterior cerebral artery – Lateral sulcus
d. Deep branches – Supply mostly white matter
e. Cortical branches – Supply mostly gray matter

Back 65

b. Posterior cerebral artery – Midbrain

Front 66

Which of these three cell layers forms last?
a. Ectoderm
b. Mesoderm
c. Endoderm

Back 66

b. Mesoderm

Front 67

Which of the following does NOT develop from the forebrain?
a. Diencephalon
b. Telencephalon
c. Cerebral cortex
d. 3rd ventricle
e. None – they all develop from the forebrain

Back 67

e. None – they all develop from the forebrain

Front 68

True or False: After the third month in utero, the rate of growth of the vertebral column exceeds that of the spinal cord. Up until then, they are the same length.

Back 68

True

Front 69

True or False: In early development, many neurons develop that do not survive. Neuronal death claims as many as half of the neurons formed during the development of some brain regions.

Back 69

True

Front 70

Neuropores close during which stage of nervous system formation?
a. First
b. Second
c. Fourth
d. Tenth

Back 70

b. Second

Front 71

Cerebral spinal Fluid is formed where?
a. Cerebral aqueduct
b. Thalamus
c. Choroid Plexus
d. EpiThalamus

Back 71

c. Choroid Plexus

Front 72

What is the flow of the cerebral spinal Fluid?
a. 1st ventricle, 2nd ventricle, 3rd Ventricle, 4th Ventricle
b. Lateral Ventricles, interventricular foramen, 3rd Ventricle, cerbral aqueduct, 4th Ventricle
c. Cerebral Aqueduct, 3rd Ventricle, 4th Ventricle, Choroid Plexus
d. Lateral Ventricles, Interventricular foramen, 4th Ventricle, Cerebral Aqueduct, 3rd Ventricle

Back 72

b. Lateral Ventricles, interventricular foramen, 3rd Ventricle, cerbral aqueduct, 4th Ventricle

Front 73

What are the 4 outlets the CSF goes to after the 4th ventricle?
a. 2 Magendie, a luschka and a central canal
b. a Magendie, 2 Central canals and a Luschka
c. Central Canal, Magendie, Luschka, and choroid plexus
d. Central canal, 2 Luschka and Magendie

Back 73

d. Central canal, 2 Luschka and Magendie

Front 74

Which is NOT a symptom the hakim Triad in Hydrocephalus?
a. Gait and balance impairment
b. Headache
c. Urinary incontinence
d. Dementia

Back 74

b. Headache

Front 75

Which is NOT a type of stroke?
a. Ischemic
b. Subdural hemorrhage
c. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
d. Intercerebral Hemorrhage

Back 75

b. Subdural hemorrhage

Front 76

Which is not a sign of stroke?
a) When asked to smile, one side of the face drops.
b) When asked to raise both arms, one arm drifts downward.
c) When asked to repeat a simple phrase, speech is slurred or strange.
d) When sole of foot is rubbed, the hallux dorsiflexes (Babinski’s sign).

Back 76

d) When sole of foot is rubbed, the hallux dorsiflexes (Babinski’s sign).

Front 77

What is not true regarding emergency room care for stroke patients?
a) CT scan is most important to diagnose type of stroke.
b) Patient is encouraged to swallow medication upon arrival.
c) Patient’s blood pressure and body fluid balance are watched closely.
d) Patient may have blood tests and an EKG.

Back 77

b) Patient is encouraged to swallow medication upon arrival.

Front 78

What does “t-PA” stand for?
a) Tissue Plasminogen Activator
b) Tri-phosphate Activase
c) Tissue Plasmin Activator
d) Thrombus Plasminogen Activase

Back 78

a) Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Front 79

T-PA…
a) Helps restore blood flow to damaged area by breaking down blood clots.
b) Helps prevent further hemorrhaging by assisting clot formation.
c) Is contraindicated for embolic and thrombotic stroke.
d) Is indicated for hemorrhagic stroke.
e) More than one of the above.

Back 79

a) Helps restore blood flow to damaged area by breaking down blood clots.

Front 80

T-PA…
a) Is only received by 3% of stoke patients.
b) Should be received within 3 hours after onset of symptoms.
c) Can be given through an IV or directly in the damaged artery.
d) Can stop/lessen brain damage.
e) All of the above.

Back 80

e) All of the above.

Front 81

A Multifocal lesion is?
a. Limited to a single location
b. Limited to several, nonsymmetrical locations
c. Affecting bilaterally symmetrical structures but does not cross the midline as a single lesion
d. An area of enhanced function.

Back 81

b. Limited to several, nonsymmetrical locations

Front 82

What plane divides the brain into left and right cerebral hemispheres
a. Sagittal
b. Transverse
c. Frontal
d. Coronal

Back 82

a. Sagittal

Front 83

Rostral is a term used to describe locations of the body. What does rostral mean?
a. Toward the tail or coccyx
b. Toward the back
c. Toward the front
d. Toward the head

Back 83

d. Toward the head

Front 84

Afferent axons carry information where?
a. From peripheral receptors toward the central nervous system.
b. From the central nervous system to the peripheral receptors
c. Afferent axons do not exist
d. From the brain to the big toe

Back 84

a. From peripheral receptors toward the central nervous system.

Front 85

The parts of the brainstem include:
a. Cerebral hemispheres, and midbrain
b. Frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and temporal lobe
c. Medulla, pons, and midbrain
d. Circle of Willis, and Cerebral arteries

Back 85

c. Medulla, pons, and midbrain

Front 86

Which stage of development occurs in the 2nd to 8th week
a. Fetal
b. Pre-embryonic
c. Embryonic
d. midembryonic

Back 86

c. Embryonic

Front 87

Which of these is a layer of the embryonic disc which becomes the liver
a. Mesoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Myoderm
d. Ectoderm

Back 87

b. Endoderm

Front 88

The inner ring is the layer, which will become the gray matter.
a. Marginal
b. Middle
c. Median
d. Mantle

Back 88

d. Mantle

Front 89

The scleratome becomes the
a. Dermis
b. Spinal cord
c. Vertebrae
d. Skeletal muscle

Back 89

c. Vertebrae

Front 90

Chiari malformation is a condition in which the portion of the brain protrudes down into the .
a. Cerebellum, spinal canal
b. Cerebrum, spinal canal
c. Cerebrum, medulla
d. Cerebellum, medulla

Back 90

.
a. Cerebellum, spinal canal

Front 91

There are two main fluid systems in the brain. One of the systems is the vascular system. It includes which of the following?
a. Arterial Supply
b. Veins
c. Venous Sinuses
d. All of the above

Back 91

d. All of the above

Front 92

The CSF gets to the 4th ventricle from the 3rd ventricle through what?
a. Interventricular foramen
b. Cisterna Magna
c. Cerebral Aqueduct
d. Foramina of Lushka

Back 92

c. Cerebral Aqueduct

Front 93

The Tentorium Cerebelli separates what?
a. 2 cerebral hemispheres
b. 2 cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
c. 2 cerebellar hemispheres
d. Frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Back 93

b. 2 cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

Front 94

Epidural Space is potentially located where?
a. Between the dura and arachnoid
b. Between the arachnoid and the pia
c. Between the dura and calvaria
d. Between the dura and pia

Back 94

c. Between the dura and calvaria

Front 95

Which of these is NOT a major Dural Sinus?
a. Superior Sagittal Sinus
b. Sigmoid Sinus
c. Transverse Sinus
d. Superior Petrosal Sinus

Back 95

d. Superior Petrosal Sinus

Front 96

What does Aphasia Mean?
a. Impairments in Speech
b. Impairments in Writing
c. All of the Above
d. None of the Above

Back 96

c. All of the Above

Front 97

What MOST commonly causes Aphasia?
a. Stroke
b. Head Trauma
c. Brain Tumors
d. Infections

Back 97

a. Stroke

Front 98

Which type of Aphasia would a patient have if they presented a symptom in which they called a fork a gleeble?
a. Broca’s
b. Wernicke’s

Back 98

b. Wernicke’s

Front 99

Which type of Aphasia would a patient have if they presented a symptom in which they had difficulty forming complete sentences?
a. Broca’s
b. Wernicke’s

Back 99

a. Broca’s

Front 100

What lobe of the brain would be affected in a patient that had Broca’s Aphasia?
a. Parietal
b. Frontal
c. Occipital
d. Frontal

Back 100

b. Frontal

Front 101

Match the 3 stages of human development with their correct time period:
a. Preembryonic – conception to 2 weeks, Embryonic – 2-8 weeks, Fetal – 8 weeks to birth
b. Preembryonic – 2-8 weeks, Embryonic – 8 weeks to birth, Fetal – birth to 2 weeks
c. Preembryonic – conception to 2 weeks, Embryonic – 2-8 weeks, Prenatal – 8 weeks to birth
d. Preembryonic – 1-12 weeks, Embryonic – 12-24 weeks, Fetal – 24 weeks to birth

Back 101

a. Preembryonic – conception to 2 weeks, Embryonic – 2-8 weeks, Fetal – 8 weeks to birth

Front 102

Which of the following embryonic layers is correctly matched to the structures it becomes?
a. Ectoderm – sensory organs, epidermis, nervous system
b. Endoderm – skeleton, muscles, circulatory organs
c. Mesoderm – gut, liver, pancreas, respiratory system
d. Exoderm – dermis, muscles, skeleton, excretory glands, circulatory organs

Back 102

a. Ectoderm – sensory organs, epidermis, nervous system

Front 103

Which of the following terms are correctly matched in order of development?
a. Hindbrain – Mesencephalon - Prosencephalon
b. Forebrain – Rhombencephalon – Metencephalon/Myelencephalon
c. Midbrain – Metencephalon - Mesencephalon
d. Forebrain – Prosencephalon – Diencephalon/Telencephalon

Back 103

d. Forebrain – Prosencephalon – Diencephalon/Telencephalon

Front 104

What structure(s) does the notochord end up forming?
a. Vertebral bodies
b. Nucleus pulposis
c. Spinal cord
d. Nucleus fibrosis

Back 104

b. Nucleus pulposis

Front 105

What do somites differentiate into?
a. dermatome, myotome, schleratome
b. rootlets, ventral ganglia, dorsal ganglia
c. autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
d. dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Back 105

a. dermatome, myotome, schleratome

Front 106

This structure is a network of capillaries in connective tissue and epithelial cells, which secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
a. Pia mater
b. Dura mater
c. Choroid plexus
d. Lateral ventricles
e. Blood brain barrier

Back 106

c. Choroid plexus

Front 107

Occlusion of the cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery causes all these changes except_____________?
a. Personality changes
b. Contralateral hemiplegia
c. Hemisensory loss
d. Language impairment
e. All of the above are correct

Back 107

d. Language impairment

Front 108

Common causes of the congenital hydrocephalus include________
a. Failure of 4th ventricle to open
b. Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
c. Cerebral palsy
d. All of the above
e. More than one above

Back 108

e. More than one above

Front 109

CSF flows from_______
a. The lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via cerebral aqueduct into the interventricular foramina via fourth ventricle.
b. The choroid plexus into the third ventricle via cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle.
c. The lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle via lateral and medial foramina.
d. The lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via interventricular foramina, then into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct exiting through the lateral and medial foramina.

Back 109

d. The lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via interventricular foramina, then into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct exiting through the lateral and medial foramina.

Front 110

All of these are major dural sinuses, except ____________
a. Occipital sinus
b. Superior sagittal sinus
c. Straight sinus
d. Sigmoid sinus

Back 110

a. Occipital sinus

Front 111

what structures make up the craniosacral system?
A. cranium and sacrum
B. Cranium, sacrum, CSF
C. brain, sacrum
D. cranium, sacrum, csf, spine, brain

Back 111

D. cranium, sacrum, csf, spine, brain

Front 112

A therapist usually positions hands around the?
A. temporal area
B. frontal area
C. Occiput area
D.Parietal area

Back 112

C. Occiput area

Front 113

craniosacral therapy is MOST closely related to?
A. Physical therapy
B. chiropractic treatment
C. alternative medicine
D. Massage therapy

Back 113

C. alternative medicine

Front 114

what is the most valid answer that craniosacral therapy is not valid?
A. not enough "real" evidence
B. adult sutures are fused and are unable to expand
C. no real health benefits
D. A & B
E. all of the above

Back 114

E. all of the above

Front 115

What is the main belief the csf has on the craniosacral system?
A. create a contraction producing a pulse
B. redirect through body by hard pressure
C. realigns the nervous system
D. more than 1
E. all of the above

Back 115

D. more than 1

Front 116

What is considered the functional unit of the nervous system?
a. Neuron
b. Nephron
c. Nucleus
d. Node

Back 116

a. Neuron

Front 117

Which of the following is not glia cells?
a. Astrocytes
b. Oligodnedrocytes
c. Microglia
d. Ependymal cells
e. Parentocytes

Back 117

e. Parentocytes

Front 118

There how many systems extend through all regions of the nervous system?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four

Back 118

c. Three

Front 119

Define rostral:
a. Toward the head
b. Nearest the orgin
c. Toward the coccyx
d. Farther from the midline

Back 119

a. Toward the head

Front 120

Ventral is to efferent to motor, Dorsal is to
a. Afferent to sensory
b. Efferent to motor
c. Afferent to motor
d. Efferent to efferent.

Back 120

a. Afferent to sensory

Front 121

Which of the follow is a purpose of the thalamus?
a. Coordinate Movement
b. Process emotion and memory
c. Maintain body temperature
d. Influences secretion of other endocrine glands

Back 121

b. Process emotion and memory

Front 122

Which of the following is not an area that the Vertebral Arteries supply?
a. Occipital Lobes
b. Temporal Lobes
c. Cerebrum
d. Brainstem

Back 122

c. Cerebrum

Front 123

Which of the following keeps blood from directly entering CSF and even covers the penetrating blood vessels into the brain?
a. Dura
b. Arachnoid
c. Pia
d. All of the above

Back 123

c. Pia

Front 124

Which of the following compose the meninges?
a. Dura
b. Arachnoid
c. Pia
d. All of the above

Back 124

d. All of the above

Front 125

Which of the following contains bundles of axons that convey information between left and right cortices?
a. Commissures
b. Corpus Callosum
c. Internal Capsule
d. Midbrain

Back 125

a. Commissures

Front 126

Where is the CSF formed?
a. The Cerebellum
b. The brain stem
c. The ventricles
d. The circle of Willis

Back 126

c. The ventricles

Front 127

What is not one of the meninge layers?
a. Duramater
b. Pia mater
c. Alma mater
d. Arachnoid mater

Back 127

c. Alma mater

Front 128

Where does the CSF empty into after it has gone round the brain?
a. Carotid artery
b. Jugular vein
c. subclavian artery
d. Coronary vein

Back 128

b. Jugular vein

Front 129

What is not a common sign of hydrocephalus?
a. Gait and balance impairments
b. Headache
c. Loss of vision
d. Incontinence
e. Frontal lobe functions

Back 129

c. Loss of vision

Front 130

What is the most common type of stroke?
a. Ischemic Stroke
b. Intracerebral hemorrhage
c. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
d. Heat Stroke

Back 130

a. Ischemic Stroke

Front 131

What does the Hindbrain differentiate into?
a. Metencephalon and Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon and Telencephalon
c. Telencephalon and Myelencephalon
d. Myencephalon and Mesencephalon
e. None of the above

Back 131

e. None of the above

Front 132

What does the Mantle layer become?
a. White matter
b. Gray matter
c. Scleratome
d. Neural Crest
e. Neural Tube

Back 132

b. Gray matter

Front 133

Which part of the neural tube closes first?
a. Inferior neuropore
b. Endoderm
c. Crest cells
d. Superior neuropore
e. Mantle layer

Back 133

d. Superior neuropore

Front 134

What is anencephaly
a. Failure of vertebrae to close
b. Failure of superior neuropore to close
c. Failure of closure anywhere in the neural tube
d. Improper formation of the spinal cord

Back 134

b. Failure of superior neuropore to close

Front 135

Which germ layer forms the neural plate
a. Endoderm
b. Mesoderm
c. Ectoderm
d. Myoderm
e. Inner cell mass

Back 135

c. Ectoderm

Front 136

What structure(s) make up the blood brain barrier
a. Arachnoid mater
b. Pia mater
c. Endothelial cells
d. A & C
e. B & C

Back 136

e. B & C

Front 137

How do needed nutrients get across the barrier and into the brain?
a. gap junctions
b. passive diffusion
c. transporter proteins
d. leaky capillaries

Back 137

c. transporter proteins

Front 138

According to our presentation what is given to patients to treat Parkinson’s disease?
a. Dopamine
b. Antibiotics
c. L-dopa
d. Pericytes

Back 138

c. L-dopa

Front 139

When is the Blood Brain Barrier formed?
a. Before birth
b. During birth
c. 2 weeks after birth
d. 4 weeks after birth
e. Never

Back 139

a. Before birth

Front 140

Where in the brain is the Blood Brain Barrier absent?
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Basal Ganglia
d. Pituitary gland
e. Two of the above
f. Three of the above
g. The BBB is never absent

Back 140

e. Two of the above

Front 141

The somatosensory system______________?
a) Conveys information from the skin and musculoskeletal system to areas of the brain.
b) Provides bidirectional communication between the brain and smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells.
c) Transmits information from the brain to skeletal muscles.
d) Detects tension and or stress applied to nervous system tissue.

Back 141

a) Conveys information from the skin and musculoskeletal system to areas of the brain.

Front 142

The term rostsral refers to a structure that is_________?
a) Towards the back
b) Towards the fornt
c) Towards the head
d) Towards the coccyx

Back 142

c) Towards the head

Front 143

Which of the following is not a spinal cord horn?
a) Ventral horn
b) Anterior horn
c) Lateral horn
d) Dorsal horn

Back 143

b) Anterior horn

Front 144

White matter is composed of ___________, and gray matter is primarily composed of______________?
a) Neuron cell bodies, Axons
b) Dendrites, Axons
c) Axons, Dendrites
d) Axons, Neuron cell bodies.

Back 144

d) Axons, Neuron cell bodies.

Front 145

Which of the following is not a function of the right Hemisphere?
a) Visual spatial skills.
b) Memory is stored in auditory, visual, and spatial modalities.
c) Sequential analysis: systematic logical, interpretation of information.
d) Holistic functions such as dancing and gymnastics.

Back 145

c) Sequential analysis: systematic logical, interpretation of information.

Front 146

What of the following is the most common type of stroke.
a) intracerebral hemorrhage
b) Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
c) Ischemic
d) None of the above

Back 146

c) Ischemic

Front 147

A brief loss of function with full recover from neurologic deficits within 24 hours is what type of progression classification based on time of onset.
a) Transient Ischemic attack
b) Completed Stroke
c) Progressive Stroke
d) Temporary Stroke

Back 147

a) Transient Ischemic attack

Front 148

What are causes of Hydrocephalus?
a) Hemorrhages
b) Infections
c) Overproduction of CSF
d) All of the above

Back 148

c) Overproduction of CSF
d) All of the above

Front 149

Which of the following is NOT part to the Pterion?
a) Frontal Bone
b) Parietal Bone
c) Sphenoid Bone
d) Zygomatic Bone

Back 149

d) Zygomatic Bone

Front 150

What type of Hematoma is most deadly?
a) Subdural Hematoma
b) Epidural Hematoma
c) Subarachnoid Hematoma
d) None of the above

Back 150

a) Subdural Hematoma

Front 151

At what stage of development do organs start forming?
a) Pre-embryonic
b) Embryonic
c) Fetal
d) Conception

Back 151

b) Embryonic

Front 152

At what day of development does the superior neuropore close?
a) 25
b) 26
c) 27
d) 28

Back 152

c) 27

Front 153

The Pons, upper medulla, cerebellum, and 4th ventricle are formed from what primitive brain formation?
a) Diencephelon
b) Mesencephalon
c) Metencephalon
d) Prosencephalon
e) Myelencephalon

Back 153

c) Metencephalon

Front 154

A condition in which the cerebellum portion of the brain protrudes down into the spinal canal is called?
a) Arnold Chiari Formation
b) Syringomyelia
c) Cerebellar myelinitis
d) Protruding cerebellum

Back 154

a) Arnold Chiari Formation

Front 155

What is the most severe form of spina bifida called?
a) Paul Trippinitis
b) Meningocelle
c) Type 2 Spina bifida
d) Myelomeningocele

Back 155

d) Myelomeningocele

Front 156

The anterior cerebral artery does not supply blood to which part of the brain?
a) Temporal lobe
b) Frontal lobe
c) Anterior basal ganglia
d) Olfactory bulb and tract

Back 156

a) Temporal lobe

Front 157

An ischemic accident may be caused by:
a) High blood pressure
b) Vascular malformation
c) Anticoagulant treatments that are too efficient
d) Embolism

Back 157

d) Embolism

Front 158

Anterior cerebral artery stroke accounts for what percent of all strokes ????MCA?????
a) 45%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 90%

Back 158

c) 70%

Front 159

All may be a result of a stroke except
a) Paralysis, weakness, or sensory loss with ipsilateral side the body
b) Gait problems
c) Urinary incontinence with bilateral stroke
d) Problems with speech

Back 159

a) Paralysis, weakness, or sensory loss with ipsilateral side the body

Front 160

Another name for an aneurism is:
a) Seizure
b) Meningeal hemorrhage
c) Cerebral abscess
d) Atheromal hemorrhage

Back 160

b) Meningeal hemorrhage

Front 161

What is an Efferent Neuron and what type of information does it transmit?
a. A neuron that sends information from the body to the CNS-Sensory
b. A neuron that sends information from the CNS to the body-Sensory
c. A neuron that sends information from the body to the CNS-Motor
d. A neuron that sends information from the CNS to the body-Motor

Back 161

d. A neuron that sends information from the CNS to the body-Motor

Front 162

What is a function of the spinal cord?
a. To process information
b. To provide support to the movements of the back
c. To convey information between peripheral structures and the brain
d. A and B
e. A and C
f. B and C
g. All of the Above

Back 162

e. A and C

Front 163

What layer of the meninges is closely associated with the blood brain barrier?
a. Dura Mater
b. Arachnoid Mater
c. Pia mater
d. All of the above

Back 163

c. Pia mater

Front 164

How many anterior spinal arteries are there and how much of the spinal cord to they supply?
a. 1-1/3
b. 2-1/3
c. 2-2/3
d. 1-2/3

Back 164

d. 1-2/3

Front 165

Why is the basal ganglia important?
a. It helps to control movements
b. It helps to control sensory integration
c. It gives us the sense of a vertical position
d. It conveys information from one side of the brain to the other

Back 165

a. It helps to control movements

Front 166

The embryonic stage of development is from_____ to _____?
A. conception, 2 weeks
B. 2nd, end of 8th week
C. 8th week, birth
D. None of the above

Back 166

B. 2nd, end of 8th week

Front 167

True/False: Of the three main divisions of the developing brain the Mesencephalon is the largest portion of the developing brain?

Back 167

False- prosencephalon

Front 168

True/False: Spina bifida can occur at rostral and caudal ends of the spinal tube.

Back 168

True

Front 169

True/False: The inner (mantle) layer of the developing neural tube will become white matter.

Back 169

False- Gray

Front 170

The Forebrain is made up of:
A. Diencephalon
B. Telencephalon
C. Metencephalon
D. Myelencephalon
E. A & B
A. D & C
B. B & D
C. All of the above

Back 170

E. A & B

Front 171

The paired lateral ventricles are bordered by what structure(s)?
a. Caudate nucleus
b. Thalamus
c. Corpus Callosum
d. All of the above

Back 171

d. All of the above

Front 172

This extension of the Pia anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater, and controls back and forth movement of the spinal cord.
a. Arachnoid trabeculae
b. Denticulate ligaments
c. Collagen Fibers
d. Tentorium Cerebelli

Back 172

b. Denticulate ligaments

Front 173

Upon entering the subarachnoid space the CSF fluid flows around the spinal cord and brain and finally is absorbed through which?
a. Jugular Vein
b. Third Ventricle
c. Arachnoid Villi
d. Lateral Aperture

Back 173

c. Arachnoid Villi

Front 174

After the occurrence of a blow to the side of the head, the doctor was able to diagnose the patient as having an epidural hematoma due to the hallmark sign of the patient suddenly feeling better with no signs or symptoms. This period is known as…
a. Babinski’s sign
b. Awareness period
c. Lucid Interval
d. Critical Period

Back 174

c. Lucid Interval

Front 175

The Hakim triad is a typical manifestation of the distinct entity normal pressure hydrocephalus and includes these common signs…
a. Gait instability, urinary incontinence, dementia
b. Dementia, headache, incontinence
c. Gait instability, balance impairments, frontal lobe malfunction (emotion, planning..)
d. Urinary incontinence, gait Instability, headache

Back 175

a. Gait instability, urinary incontinence, dementia

Front 176

What is Hydrocephalus?
a. Shrinking of the brain
b. Water on the brain
c. Swelling of the spine
d. Enlargement of the ventricles

Back 176

b. Water on the brain

Front 177

What is the common cause of hydrocephalus?
a. Infection
b. Head trauma
c. Spina bifida
d. Tumor
e. A and B
f. C and d
g. All of the above
h. A and C
i. B and D

Back 177

g. All of the above

Front 178

What are some symptoms of hydrocephalus in infants?
a. Blurred vision
b. Irritability
c. Urinary incontinence
d. Lack of energy
e. Vomiting
f. A and B
g. B and E
h. C and D

Back 178

g. B and E

Front 179

True or False? Is Ventriculosectomy the most common way to treat hydrocephalus?

Back 179

False

Front 180

True or False? About half of the children who receive appropriate treatment and follow up will develop IQs greater than 85

Back 180

True