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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is reinforcement? |
When a reward is the consequence of a behaviour, the behaviour will increase in frequency Punished behaviours will decrease in frequency |
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Who is Edward Thorndike? |
He was one of the first to demonstrate a behavioral reinforcement in 1905 He placed hungry cats into a transparent box (puzzlebox) and positioned their food, cats would fumble to get out of box and get something to eat. eventually would figure out the way to get out by pulling string or pushing button |
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What is Thorndikes Law of Effect? |
The cats got faster at escaping each time they were placed in the box (assuming they figured it out the first time) the increase in speed of performing behaviour meant the behaviour was being strengthened by the reward that the cat received by doing it. association between stimulus (box) and a response (pulling string) is strengthened when the effect is positive! |
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What differs operant and classical conditioning? |
CC is passive in learning, no voluntary action on the learner Operant occurs thru consequences of learner's voluntary action |
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Who is BF skinner? |
The founder of operant conditioning in 1930s and he tested with rats and pigeons |
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What did BF skinner do to perform operant conditioning? |
He would put animals in a skinner box, it had a lever, food tray, lights where the animals could press the lever and food came out as a reinforcement for pushing the lever |
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What is a reinforcer? |
(food pellets in his skinners case) any positive result of a behaviour that increases the likelihood of repeating the behaviour in the future |
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What is punishment? |
Some cost to the learner is the consequence of behaviour, the behaviour will decrease in frequency |
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What is a punisher? |
Any negative result of a behaviour that decreases the likelihood of repeating a behaviour |
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What is a positive reinforcement? |
A rewarding consequence through the addition of stimulation (like money) |
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What is negative reinforcement? |
A rewarding consequence thru removal of stimulation ex: sunlight outside, get blinded, put sunglasses on |
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What is positive punishment? |
Negative consequence thru addition of stimulation (add smth unpleasant) |
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What is negative punishment? |
negative consequence thru removal of stimulation remove something desirable (tv, internet) |
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What is avoidance learning? |
The behaviour removes the possibility of a negative consequence from happening (bundling before going in the cold) |
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What is escape learning? |
The negative consequence is removed after the behaviour occurs |
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What are primary reinforcers? |
Are those that relate to basic survival needs (water, food, warmth, sexual contact) |
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What are secondary reinforcers? |
Are things that are indirectly relevant to our survival such as money, grades, compliments |
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What is stimulus discrimination? |
A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced cheering > hockey game > yes! movies> no! |
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What is stimulus discrimination? |
Learning that a behaviour will only be rewarded in one stimulation context and not another |
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What is stimulus generalization? |
Generalizing a reinforcement of behaviour from one stimulation context to a somewhat different one blue and green button reinforced |
