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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a lab experiment? |
IV is manipulated in a control setting to see effect on DV |
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What is a field experiment? |
IV is manipulated in a real life setting to see effect on DV |
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What is a natural experiment? |
IV is naturally occurring and is not controlled by the experimenter e.g. natural disasters |
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What is a Quasi experiment? |
IV is predetermined and a feature of the participant e.g. age, gender |
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What is a Correlation? |
A relationship between 2 variables |
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What is a naturalistic observation? |
Observing something in its natural setting |
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What is a controlled observation? |
Observing something in a more controlled environment |
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What is a covert and overt observation? |
Covert= The participants don't know Overt= Participants do know |
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What is a participant observation? |
When the researcher takes part in the observed group |
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What is a non-participant observation? |
When the researcher does not take part in the observed group |
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What is a self report? |
When people give you their own answers (a questionnaire) |
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What is an unstructured/ structured interview? |
Unstructured= No set questions
Structured= set questions |
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What is an independent variable? |
Variable you change |
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What is a dependent variable? |
Variable you measure |
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What is a co-variable? |
Variables used in correlations (co-exist together) |
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What is an extraneous variable? |
Variables that could effect the results of the experiment negatively, need to be controlled |
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What is a confounding variable? |
A variable that should've been controlled in an experiment but wasn't |
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What is operationalisation? |
Making variable measureable / testable E.g. how do you measure happiness? |
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What is an Aim? |
What we are aiming to find out |
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What is a directional hypothesis? |
Predictions that there will be a difference and which way it will go |
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What is a Non-directional hypothesis? |
Predicts that there will be a difference but doesn't predict which way it will go |
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What is a pilot study? |
Early / first version of a study that allows for review of questions and sample |
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What is reliability? |
Could the results be confirmed by repeating the research |
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What is independent groups? |
2 seperate groups |
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What is random allocation? |
Randomly putting participants into different conditions |
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What is matched pairs? |
Groups with similar abilities |
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What is repeated measures? |
Same people do all conditions |
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What is counterbalancing? |
Using repeated measures to stop order effects 1/2 do A first then B, 1/2 do B then A |
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What is an open / closed questions? |
Open= more elaborate Closed = numerical (yes / no) |
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What are behavioural catagories? |
Unit of behaviour looking for in a study |
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What is event Sampling? |
Tally every time a behaviour occurs |
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What is time sampling? |
Look every 1 minute and just tally what you see at that time |
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What is a Population? |
Who the research represents |
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What is a sample? |
More specific, who you study |
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What is a random sample? |
Participants are randomly picked e.g. Names out of a hat |
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What is opportunity sampling? |
Whoever is available to be a ppt |
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What is volunteer sampling? |
People come forward to be studied |
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What is stratified sampling? |
Splitting the population into different strata and taking a proportion of each strata to be the sample in the experiment |
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What is randomisation? |
Keeping things unbiased, if you want to randomise anything then "Draw out of a hat" |
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What is standardisation? |
Keeping everything the same to ensure a fair test |
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What are demand characteristics? |
Ppt changes their behaviour becuase they have found out what the study is about |
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What is investigator effects? |
Any behaviour by the researcher that could alter the ppts behaviour |
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What is content analysis? |
Tallying content of qualitative data |
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What is Quantitative data? |
Numerical scientific data |
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What is primary data? |
Research you did yourself |
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What is secondary data? |
Research done by someone else |
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What is peer review? |
Quality control mechanism, new research checked before it is published |
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What is meta analysis |
Combine together data from lots of studies e.g. Van I and K attachment |
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What are measures of central tendency? |
Mean, Median and Mode |
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What is measures of dispersion? |
How spread out your data is e.g. range or standard deviation |
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What is a correlation coefficient? |
Number between -1 and +1, tells you strength and direction of correlation |
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What is normal distribution? |
Bell curve shape |
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What is the sign test? |
Figure out how likely it is for data to be significant |
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What is Qualitative data? |
More specific data, not very scientific |
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What is systematic sample? |
Using a list of the population and selecting every other name e.g. Every 5th (a system) |
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What is internal validity? |
The validity of things affecting the experiment e.g. demand characteristicss |
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What is external validity? |
Ecological Validity - relating it to real life and other people. |
