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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the seven steps of scientific method? |
1. Identify research problem 2. Formulate hypothesis 3. Design method 4. Collect data 5. Analyse data 6. Interpret results 7. Report findings |
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What is a case study and the advantages/disadvantages of it? |
Intense and high depth investigation usually about a single person. Advantage - useful for obtaining info on rare or unusual cases Disadvantage - can't be replicated to test reliability |
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What is an observational study and the advantages/disadvantages of it? |
Data collected by watching and recording behaviour as it happens Advantage - can provide info on behaviour which may be unethical to study in a lab Disadvantage - ethical issue with no informed consent and not all extraneous variables can be controlled |
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What is an experiment and the advantages/disadvantages of it? |
A controlled study used to explore the relationship between two variables Advantage - used to study a cause-effect relationship and variables can be easily controlled Disadvantage - artificial environment can produce unrealistic results for everyday life |
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What is a self report and the advantages/disadvantages of it? |
Participants written or spoken responses to questions, statements or instructions Advantage - can collect data from large groups in a short amount of time Disadvantage - social desirability means that false answers may be given in order to appear more favourable |
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What are the scientific skills needed in psychology? |
- Developing aims and hypotheses - planning and undertaking investigations - complying with ethical guidelines - conducting investigations to record data - Analysing data - drawing conclusions - communicating scientific ideas |
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What is a hypothesis and what are the three main points of info that should be included? |
A testable prediction about the relationship between two variables - the existence of a relationship - the expected relationship - a possible explanation of results |
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What are demand characteristics? |
When participants form an interpretation of what the experimenter wants and unconsciously change their answers to fit that. |
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What is reliability? |
The consistency and dependability of results. If an experiment was replicated - results are expected to be very similar. |
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What is |
How much the procedures of a study measure what the research is intended to measure. May not be valid if conclusions don't match results. Internal and external validity |
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What is the difference between internal and external validity? |
Internal validity is how much the obtained results are due to the tested variable while external validity is how much the results can be generalised to the greater population. |
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What is internal consistency? |
A measure of how well the items on a test measure the same construct or idea |
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What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? |
Descriptive stats provide descriptions of the population through calculations or graphs while inferential statistics make inferences based on a sample of data. |
