Psychology Chapter 5

Front 1

Learning can best be described as

Back 1

A relatively permanent change in behavior

Front 2

Michael noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry and excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)

Back 2

Conditioned stimulus

Front 3

Which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

Back 3

The CS and UCS must come close together in time.

Front 4

Ever since she was scared by a dog as a young child, Angelica has been afraid of all dogs. The fact that she is not only afraid of the original dog but all types of dogs is an example of

Back 4

Stimulus generalization

Front 5

Helen has overcome her fear of toy snakes. However, on one occasion hher fear returned when she found a toy snake in the cushions of her couch. Such a reaction is called

Back 5

Spontaneous recovery

Front 6

In Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," the conditioned stimulus was

Back 6

The white rat

Front 7

Which of the following would be an example of vicarious classical conditioning?

Back 7

As a young child, Tony frequently observed his older sisters jump around and scream whenever any of them saw a spider, as they were very afraid of them. Subsequently, Tony experiences feelings of fear when he sees a spider

Front 8

Cindy had cheesy tacos at a local Mexican restaurant. Later she became terribly ill and suffered bouts of nausea and vomiting. What might we predict based on conditioned taste aversion research?

Back 8

Cindy will probably get nauseated the next time she tries to eat cheesy tacos

Front 9

Rescorla found that the CS must _________ the UCS for conditioning to take place

Back 9

Predict

Front 10

Which of the following is an example of Thorndike's law of effect?

Back 10

Johhn, a teenager, gets compliments from Carla for wearing a nice shirt. Subsequently, John wears the shirt whenever he thinks he will be seeing Carla.

Front 11

To a dog, _________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas _________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

Back 11

Dog food; A Frisbee

Front 12

Edgar cannot sleep because he is terribly worried about his research paper So Edgar decides to get out of bed and continue working on the paper. Although he stays up to nearly 3 AM, he is relieved that it is done and easily falls off to sleep. In the future, Edgar will be more likely to finish his work before going to bed so that he can avoid the worry and sleeplessness. Such behavior is an example of

Back 12

Negative reinforcement

Front 13

With operant conditioning, _________ are important in forming an association, whereas with classical conditioning, ___________ are important in forming an association.

Back 13

Consequences; Antecedent stimuli

Front 14

Joe owned a small repair shop. Each day, he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a check or two. At other times, he would have to wait days before getting another payment. What schedule of reinforcement is evident here?

Back 14

Punishment by removal

Front 15

The study by Keller and Marian Breland found that instinctive drift in animal behavior is

Back 15

Genetically determined and not under the influence of learning

Front 16

Tabitha signed up for a new credit card that offers reward miles for every purchase. Tabitha plans to make as many purchase as she can so that she can accumulate enough miles to go on a trip over spring break. Such an approach is an example of

Back 16

Token economy

Front 17

Which of the following is the best example of applied behavior analysis?

Back 17

Agatha observes a child to see what purpose a disruptive classroom behavior serves and identifies a new replacement behaviors. She then implements a training program for the new behavior, reinforcing often at the simplest levels and gradually removing reinforcers as a child demonstrates the behavior independently.

Front 18

Neurofeedback is a form of __________ and works to change a person's ________ through a series of reinforcements

Back 18

Biofeedback; Brain activity

Front 19

In Tolman's study the fact of a group of rat receiving reinforcement on the after day 10 of the study solved the maze far more quickly then did the rats who had been reinforced from the first day can be interpreted to mean that these particular rats

Back 19

Had already learned the maze in the first nine days

Front 20

Lisa's parents have decided to take a 3-week trip to Europe. Consequently, Lisa's mother will not be able to make her famous pies for the upcoming bake sale. When her mother encourages Lisa to bake the pies herself, Lisa panics at first but then she finds that she knows how to put the recipe together. Her ability to prepare the recipe is an example of

Back 20

Latent learning

Front 21

Which theory is commonly referred to as the "aha!" phenomenon?

Back 21

Kohler's insight theory

Front 22

Research by Steven Maier suggests that learned helplessness may be due to a higher-level region of the brain known as the ____________, which helps subjects determine what is controllable.

Back 22

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)

Front 23

Bandura's studies found that learning can take place without actual performance. What is this referredd to as?

Back 23

Learning/performance distinction

Front 24

What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational learning?

Back 24

Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire