Psychology Ch 6-7

Front 1

what is the order in processing memory?

Back 1

encoding, storage, retrieval

Front 2

in memory encoding, mental picture is to __ as meaning is to __

Back 2

visual, semantic

Front 3

the best memory usually results from which type of encoding?

Back 3

semantic

Front 4

the magic seven refers to

Back 4

capacity of short term memory

Front 5

the process of converting unstable, short term memory into lasting, stable memories is called

Back 5

consolidation

Front 6

when jacques wants to learn a new concept, he attempts to connect it with previously existing knowledge. this is an example of

Back 6

elaborative rehearsal

Front 7

which of the following suggests that long term memory is organized in terms of an elaborative arrangement of associated concepts?

Back 7

semantic network model

Front 8

procedural memory is to __ as declarative memory is to __

Back 8

knowing how, knowing that

Front 9

which question is most likely associated with episodic memory?

Back 9

where did i go on my first date?

Front 10

procedural long term memory might best be described as

Back 10

knowing how

Front 11

the view that memory is based on recreating representations of the past rather than recalled verbatim images of the past is called

Back 11

constructionist theory

Front 12

according to constructionist theory, gwendoyl's negative stereotype of how asians behave is an example of

Back 12

schema

Front 13

flashbulb memories are most likely to be associated with

Back 13

emotionally charged experiences

Front 14

the idea that memory gradually disintegrates over time is the basis of

Back 14

decay theory

Front 15

when it comes to retention, in general,

Back 15

spaced practice is superior to massed practice

Front 16

the serial position effect occurs when people

Back 16

remember the first and last things in a list the best

Front 17

in memory processes, the primary effect refers to

Back 17

superior memory for items at the beginning of a list

Front 18

which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories?

Back 18

retrieval theory

Front 19

motivated forgetting is another name for repression

Back 19

repression

Front 20

which student is taking a test that is a recognition task?

Back 20

melissa, who takes a multiple-choice exam in her sociology class in which she must identify key events and founders in the history of sociology from a list of choices

Front 21

most people consider recognition tasks to be easier than recall tasks, possibly because__?

Back 21

recognition tasks provide more retrieval cues than do recall tasks

Front 22

a physical trace of memory in the brain is termed a

Back 22

engram

Front 23

__ are memory circuits in the brain that consist of complicated networks of nerve cells.

Back 23

neuronal networks

Front 24

cells that "fire together, wire together". this saying best captures the concept of

Back 24

long term potentiation

Front 25

the mental representation and manipulation of information is

Back 25

thinking

Front 26

strengthening synaptic connections between neurons by repeated stimulation is known as

Back 26

long term potentiation

Front 27

regarding thinking and mental imagery, which of the following statements is false?

Back 27

physical objects are generally better represented by words and concepts than by images

Front 28

which of the following is the best definition of concept?

Back 28

a mental category used to group objects according to shared features

Front 29

comparing the two types of concepts, logical is to __ as natural is to __

Back 29

clear; fuzzy

Front 30

concepts defined by specific rules are called

Back 30

logical concepts

Front 31

anita says she cant define pornography but she knows it when she sees it. she is applying what type of concept?

Back 31

natural concept

Front 32

what is the major drawback of algorithms?

Back 32

there may not be any algorithm that precisely applies to the one's particular problem

Front 33

a heuristic is

Back 33

a mental shortcut for solving a problem

Front 34

letty has a very complex problem to solve. she decides to break the problem down into smaller, more manageable problems. which strategy best describes what letty is doing?

Back 34

creating subgoals

Front 35

celia is a juror at a trial. based on her reading of newspapers, celia has already decided that the defendant is guilty. she sticks to her decision even when the defense attorney presents strong contradicting evidence. celia is demonstrating

Back 35

confirmation bias

Front 36

which cognitive bias best describes our tendency to judge people based on first impressions?

Back 36

the representativeness heuristic

Front 37

the tendency to base decisions on information that most readily comes to mind is

Back 37

the availability heuristic

Front 38

divergent thinking is

Back 38

conceiving of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects

Front 39

all but which of the following underlie creative thinking?

Back 39

the use of algorithms

Front 40

in language, phonemes are to __ as morphemes are to __

Back 40

sound, meaning

Front 41

language is

Back 41

a set of rules and symbols for communication

Front 42

regarding language, which of the following statements is false?

Back 42

phonemes combine to form syntax

Front 43

regarding the concept of language acquisition device, which of the following statements is false?

Back 43

it explains how environment shapes language development

Front 44

which of the following statements regarding language development is most strongly supported by evidence?

Back 44

many areas of the brain appear to be responsible for producing language

Front 45

what is the sequence for language development?

Back 45

crying, cooling, babbling, one-word phrases, two-word phrases

Front 46

the linguistic relativity hypothesis states that

Back 46

the language we use determines the way we think

Front 47

in intelligence testing, norms are

Back 47

criteria for comparing an individual's IQ score with those of the general population

Front 48

according to the text, which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?

Back 48

the capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment

Front 49

in testing, __ is to consistency of results as __ is to accuracy of results

Back 49

reliability; validity

Front 50

concerns with intelligence tests include all of the following except?

Back 50

there is a lack of access to them