Psych 2230: Chapter 15

Front 1

what systems does stress involve

Back 1

nervous, endocrine, and immune systems

Front 2

What are the aspects to emotion?

Back 2

1. feelings
2. actions
3. physiological arousal
4. motivation

Front 3

What was the James-Lange theory?

Back 3

we experience fear because we perceive the body activity triggered by particular stimuli

Front 4

What was the Cannon-Bard theory?

Back 4

the function of emotion was to help us deal with a changing environment; brains job is to decide what particular emotion is an appropriate response; ex: fight or flight

Front 5

What was the Stanley Schatcher theory?

Back 5

an emotional state is the result of an interaction between physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal; physiological arousal is nonspecific - affecting only the intensity of a perceived emotion but not its quality

Front 6

What is the role of culture in emotions?

Back 6

cross-cultural similarity is noted in the production of expressions to specific emotions; there are subtle cultural differences that suggest that cultures prescribe rules for facial expression and enforce them by culture conditioning

Front 7

What is meant by the phrase, facial expression is paralinguistic?

Back 7

face is accessory to verbal communication, providing emphasis and direction in conversation

Front 8

What are the two categories of facial expression?

Back 8

1. superficial muscles
2. deep facial muscles

Front 9

What are superficial muscles?

Back 9

attach only to the facial skin; innervated by the facial nerve

Front 10

What are deep facial muscles?

Back 10

attach only to bone; ex: jaw muscles; innervated by cranial nerve V

Front 11

Describe Bell's palsy

Back 11

usually affects just one side; resulting in a variety of symptoms, including drooping eyes and mouth

Front 12

evolutionary psychology-

Back 12

natural selection and its role in changing behavior; adaptive emotions

Front 13

Why did fear evolve?

Back 13

1. avoiding danger
2. seeking safety
3. physiologically preparing for fight or flight

Front 14

individual response stereotypy-

Back 14

the tendency of individuals to show the same response pattern to particular situations throughout their lifespan

Front 15

what brain structures has been implicated with fear?

Back 15

amygdala

Front 16

what is the cerebral cortex's role in emotion?

Back 16

it inhibits emotional responsiveness

Front 17

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Back 17

lesions in temporal lobe caused animals to be tame and show no fear or aggression; strong oral tendencies; eating various objects (including indigestible ones)

Front 18

observational fear learning-

Back 18

fear of potentially harmful stimuli is learned through social transmission

Front 19

what happens to patients with poor amygdalas?

Back 19

1. poorly recognize human facial structures
2. less fear, more confidence, decreased anxiety, and increased social affliction

Front 20

what does the putamen do?

Back 20

it is activated when we see or hear disgust

Front 21

what can be said about brain regions and emotions?

Back 21

1. each emotion involves activity of more than one brain region and some brain regions are involved in more than one emotion

Front 22

what can be said about the right hemisphere?

Back 22

it is better than the left at interpreting emotional aspects of vocal messages

Front 23

what is insula involved in?

Back 23

1. love
2. disgust

Front 24

inter-male aggression

Back 24

1. adaptive for gaining access to food and males
2. levels of testosterone is correlated

Front 25

what is the correlation between serotonin and aggressive?

Back 25

1. there is a negative correlation

Front 26

describe psychopathic neuroanatomy

Back 26

1. reduced activity in prefrontal cortex
2. ability to impair to control impulsive behavior

Front 27

stress-

Back 27

any circumstance that upsets homeostasis

Front 28

what are response to stress?

Back 28

1. alarm reaction (initial)
2. adaptation reaction (stage 2)
3. exhaustion stage (prolonged)

Front 29

what happens hormonally during stress?

Back 29

1. hypothalamus produces CRH
2. this causes the release of ACTH
3. causes the release of cortisol

Front 30

stress immunization-

Back 30

little stress early in life to make the animals more resilient to later stress

Front 31

phagocytes-

Back 31

1. engulfs and destroys germs
2. rely on other white blood cells to tell them what to attack

Front 32

B lymphocytes-

Back 32

1. produce antibodies
2. produced in bone marrow
3. mediate humoral immunity

Front 33

antibodies-

Back 33

latch onto foreign moleucels and summon phagocytes to destroy them

Front 34

T lymphocytes

Back 34

1. form in the thymus gland
2. strong part of the body's attack
3. helper t cells secrete cytokines

Front 35

cytokines

Back 35

regulate activity of B lymphocytes and phagocytes

Front 36

how does the brain affect the immune system?

Back 36

through autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the immune system organs

Front 37

why does natural selection favor stress?

Back 37

as a drastic effort to deal with a short-term problem