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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diseases of the visual system |
Cataracts Glaucoma Age related macular degeneration |
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Cataracts |
Disease of the lens in the eye that causes scattering of light rays resulting in cloudy or blurred vision Can be caused by genetics, injury, sun exposure, smoking, disease Treatment: surgery |
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Age Related Macular Degeneration |
Leading cause of blindness Caused by destruction of photoreceptors in macula Causes distortion and blurring, dark or empty area in centre of visual field No known treatment Think it might be genetic |
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Diseases of the cardiovascular system |
Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis Coronary artery disease Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Hypertension Congestive heart failure Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke) Transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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Arteriosclerosis |
thickening and hardening of arteries |
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Atherosclerosis |
condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries |
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Coronary artery (heart) disease |
Blockage of arteries that feed the heart muscle |
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Myocardial infarction |
heart attack Blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severeley reduced or blocked Treatment: bypass surgery |
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Hypertension |
Blood pressure measuring greater than 140/90 leads to damage of arteries and increases the chances of developing plaque places greater stress on heart |
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Congestive heart failure |
heart unable to pump sufficient blood to body can result from a variety of heart diseases leads to fluid build up in the body (swelling in ankles) |
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Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) |
Artery leading to the brain is clogged Leads to loss of functions controlled by brain area effected |
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Transient ischemic Attack |
temporary blockage increases chances of later TIA or stroke |
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BEFAST |
Acronym used to help determine if someone is having a stroke. Balance Eyes Face Arms Speech Time |
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What percentage of deaths in canada are caused by heart disease / stroke? |
25% |
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Why is it that Eastern European countries have a higher rate of heart related illness/ deaths? |
smoking is more common |
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Behavioural risk factors for heart disease and stroke |
Tobacco smoking -damages arteries making them vulnerable to plaque formation Sedatary lifestyle - people with lazy activities more likely lo have heart disease Unhealthy diet -higher BMI related to higher incidence of heart disease Alcohol - raises blood pressure and estrogen levels, but moderate consumption has protective effect |
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Factors that lower risk of heart disease and stroke |
Diet-lots of fibre and folic acid Exercise DO NOT SMOKE Hormone replacement therapy? (estrogen decreases LDL, bad fat, and increases HLD, the good stuff) |
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Metabolic syndrome |
Abdominal obesity: >40in (men), >35in (woman) Triglycerides: >150mg/dL HDL cholesterol :<40mg/dL, <50mg/dL Blood pressure: > 130/80 Fasting glucose: >100mg /dL
Diagnosis after having 3 or more of above |
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Risk factors for cancer |
Sun exposure Cigarette smoking Diet Environmental toxins |
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What are the 6 most common types of cancer |
1. Skin (basal cell carcinoma) 2. Breast (ductal carcinoma) 3. uterus, cervical, ovary 4. Prostate 5. Stomach, colorectal 6. Lung |
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Disorders of the Musculoskeletal system |
Arthritis; Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Osteoporosis |
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Osteoarthritis (what is it, how do you get it, treatment?) |
Degenerative joint disease Develops in joints damaged through overuse Treatment: pain management, injection of synthetic fluid. Total joint replacement. |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by destruction of the cells in the joint capsule by immune system Symmetrical pattern, effects both sides of the body, although not necessarily equally Treatment: no cure, just pain management to reduce inflammation and slow damage |
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Osteoporosis (definition, risk factors, prevention, treatment?) |
Lost of bone mass Risk factors: increasing age in woman, alcohol/ cigarettes Prevention: exercise (weight bearing) and physical activity, calcium with vitamin D Treatment: supplements and exercise |
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Type 1 Diabetes |
Bodys immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells (autoimmune) Requires insulin pump 5-10% of people with diabetes have type 1 |
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Type 2 diabetes |
The pancreas loses ability to produce insulin Can occur from increase intake of glucose. Insulin is needed to get glucose into the cell, when glucose is to high the cell is unable to accommodate and decreases insulin function. Closely related to lifestyle 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2 |
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Gestational diabetes |
Occurs during pregnancy Can be a good indicator of risk of developing diabetes 2 later in life if not careful |
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List 8 diabetes complications |
Heart disease and stroke hypertension cataracts / blindness kidney disease nervous system disease amputations dental disease Complications of pregnancy |
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How do you treat diabetes? |
Not always curable, management through: blood pressure control eye exams glucose control control of blood lipids outpatient training foot care |
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How do you prevent type 2 diabetes? |
diet control exercise weight control |
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Respiratory diseases (COPD) |
chronic emphysema chronic bronchitis |
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Chronic emphysema |
loss of elasticity of the alveoli |
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chronic bronchitis |
bronchial tubes inflamed and irritated |
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Glaucoma |
Build up of pressure inside the eye damaging the optic nerve, reducing periferal vision Gradual onset (makes it really important to get puff test done) Treatment is not always possible |
