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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gerontology |
Sociological, and economic aspects of aging, consequences for society |
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Geriatrics |
M.D. Diagnosis and treatment of age related diseases |
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Psychology |
PhD Individual differences in personality, mental health, with age |
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Neuropsychology |
PhD Individual differences in cognitive aging and age related dementias |
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Aging |
Begins when probability of death is at it's minimum Often measure by mortality doubling time Progressive deterioration of virtually every bodily function over time |
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Four principles of adulthood development and aging |
1. Changes are continuous over the lifespan - individuals remain the "same" even though they change 2. Only the survivors grow - aging individuals are increasingly self selected 3. Individuality matters - people vary within and between age groups 4. "Normal" aging is different from disease - intrinsic aging processes are different from those associated with illness |
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What are the 5 major threats to life? |
Being overweight, risky behaviour (drinking and driving), dietary choices (high consumption of fat), physically inactive, smoking |
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What is an example of the "individuality matters" principle? |
People vary within and between age groups (people age differently) Volume of hippocampus in people in their 70s may be the same as that of people in there 20s |
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Primary aging |
Normal age related changes DIFFERENT FROM ILLNESS |
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Secondary aging |
Disease-related impairments |
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Tertiary aging |
Rapid decline shortly before death |
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Optimal aging |
Changes that improve the individuals functioning |
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Biopsychosocial perspective |
View of development as a complex interaction between biological, psychological, and social processes. |
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3 divisions of the over 65 population |
Young old 65-74 Old old 75-84 Oldest old 85 and older (Centenarians 100-109, super-centenarians 110+) |
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Chronological age |
Number of years a person has lived |
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Functional age |
New classification that describes aging based on peoples actual performance i.e. biological, psychological, and social age |
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Pros and Cons of using functional age over chronological age |
Pro: better grasp of a person's true characteristics and abilities when use functional age Con: must be re-calibrated to continue to be accurate (i.e. BP or social status can change) |
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Biological age |
Age of an individuals bodily systems i.e. heart rate, BP, muscle and bone strength |
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Psychological age |
Refers to the performance an individual achieves on psychological tests i.e. reaction time, learning ability, memory |
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Social age |
Calculated by evaluating where people are compared to the "typical" age expected for people when they occupy certain positions in life (social roles they occupy) i.e. parental status, work role, retirement status |
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Social aging |
Effects of person's exposure to a changing environment |
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Personal aging |
Changes that occur within the individual, reflecting time's effect on the body |
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Normative age gradedinfluences on development |
Lead people to choose experiences that culture and historical period attach to certain ages or points in the life-span (socio-cultural influences) ie. what age should you get married? People believe they should structure their lives according to age demarcations (i.e be married by 30) |
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Normative history-graded influences on development |
Events that occur to everyone within a certain culture or country i.e. The Depression, world wars, the internet, economic trends A person does not have to experience the event directly to be affected by influence |
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Non-normative influences on development |
Random events that occur due to coincidence, earlier decisions, and other people i.e. winning the lottery, death, divorce |
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Life expectancy |
Average number of years remaining to the people born within a similar period of time. Calculated using death rates for a particular group within the population then project how long it will take the entire group to die out completely Canada: 81 |
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Why has life expectancy increases so significantly in the last 100 years? |
Vaccinations and medical advances for childbirth Life expectancy was low mainly because of childhood diseases and dangers of childbirth |
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Will life expectancy continue to increase? |
Only by eliminating cancer and heart disease (2 leading causes of death) |
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Maximum longevity |
How long the human species can live under the best of circumstances 120 years |
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Can we increase maximum longevity? |
We don't know. In order to increase, we need to understand the fundamental causes of aging and treatments to slow the process |
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Why is it difficult to determine maximum longevity? |
Few accurate birth/ death records exist for people over age 100 today (exception: sweden, france, denmark) universal birth records did not exist in US until 1940 |
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What happens to Okinawa residents when the move to america? |
Once they move to north america they lose there "advantage" Something to do with environment, rather than genes, is reason for longevity |
Natives to Okinawa, Japan have an average lifespan that is 5 years longer than in US |
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Why is the average age in Canada so high? |
High average age is due to an older population and less children |
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Why do we see a greater ratio of men to woman over the age of 65? (i.e 90 males per 100 females) |
Typically, men work riskier jobs (i.e. military), as well as more men smoke than woman |
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Why are we seeing the most growth of the 65+ population in less developed nations? |
More developed nations are, just that, already developed, whereas less developed nations are in the process of developing things like healthcare which means they have more room for growth |
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What are the implications of a graying population? |
Driving restrictions, retesting increased taxes, healthcare politicians shifting campaigns towards older adults Need for affordable housing Changes in the media Lifestyle changes - health foods Influences what is "attractive" More demand for careers in aging |
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Health adjusted life expectancy |
The number of years a person could expect to live in good health if current mortality and morbidity rates persist |
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Compression of morbidity hypothesis |
The illness burden to a society can be reduced if people become disabled closer to the time of their death |
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Where are the largest percentage of those over 65 found in Canada? |
Atlantic provinces and Quebec |
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