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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Language definition |
System of communication using sounds or symbol Expressing thoughts feelings ideas experiences |
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Hierarchical system |
Components that can be combined to form larger units |
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Creativity on human language is based on |
Hierarchical system Governed by rules |
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Learning language; skinner |
Reinforcement |
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Learning language; Chomsky |
Human language encoded in our genes Underlying basis of all language is similar Children produce sentences they have never heard and that have never been reinforced |
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Psycholinguistics |
Discover psychological process by which humans acquire and process language Comprehension Speech production Representation Acquisition |
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Lexicon |
All the words a person can understand; vocabulary |
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Phoneme |
Shortest segment of speech |
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Morphemes |
Smallest unit of language that has meaning it grammatical functions |
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Root morpheme |
Base word |
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Prefix morpheme |
Unit of language prior the root word that changes the meaning Like -> dislike |
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Suffix |
Smallest unit of language that is places after the root and changes the meaning/grammar Help-helpful |
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Phonemic restoration effect |
Fill in missing phonemes based on context of sentence and portion of the word presented Top down process |
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Word superiority effect |
Letters are easier to recognise when they’re in a word Not processed one by one Each letter is affected by context |
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Corpus |
Frequency of when a word is used Prediction of words |
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Lexical decision task |
Read a list of words and non silently, say yes when you read a word Demonstrates word frequency effect |
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Word frequency effect |
Respond more rapidly to high frequency word Measured by -eye movement while reading -lexical decision task |
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Lexical ambiguity: homonyms |
Sound the same, different meaning depends on context |
My sister just got engaged The students were highly engaged in their studies |
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Lexical ambiguity; homographs |
Look the same but sound different The wind swept up the leaves Wind the clock an hour forward for daylight savings |
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Semantics |
Meaning of words and sentences Valid meaning |
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Syntax |
Rules for combining words into sentences Grammar / structure of the word |
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Semantic error detector, n400 is located in |
Temporal lobe, near wernickes error |
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Syntax is most likely associated with areas of the brain |
Near broca area |
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Parsing |
Mental grouping of words in a sentence into phrases |
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Syntactic ambiguity |
More than one possible structure More than one meaning We’re going to learn cut and paste kids We’re going to learn cut and paste, kids |
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Syntax first approach |
Make a basic assumption of the likely of what it means, when assumption is broken you go back and change Principal of late closure; parser assumes new word is part of the current phrase -> garden path model |
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Interaction approach to parsing |
Semantics influence processing as one reads a sentence Eye movement change when information suggest revision of interpretation of sentence |
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Coherence |
Representation of the text in ones mind so that information from one part of the text can be related to information in another part of the text |
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Inference |
Create information that’s not explicitly stated in the text by experience |
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Types of inference |
Anaphoric- connecting object/people Instrumental - tools or methods Casual - events in one clause caused by events in the previous clause |
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Situational model |
Mental representation of what a text is about |
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Physiology of simulations |
Same areas of cortex activated by actual movements and by reading related action words The action is more extensive for actual movements |
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Given new contract |
As a speaker constructs a sentence they include Given information New information-> becomes given in next sentence |
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Syntactic priming |
Production of specific grammatical construction by one person increases the chances that the other person will use it Reduces computational load in conversation |
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Sapir whorf hypotheses |
Language influence thought The example of the African tribe with orange thing |
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