Psy 102 - Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders

Front 1

The _____ proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

Back 1

medical model

Front 2

Prior to the 18th century and the medical model, most conceptions of abnormal behavior were based on _____

Back 2

superstition

Front 3

The medical model has been critized (by ____) on the grounds that it turns _______ into medical questions.

Back 3

Szasz

deviance

Front 4

Minor critocisms of the medical model:

Back 4

- Labeling, self-fulfilling prophecy
- pseudoexplanations
- passive patient role

Front 5

_____ involves distinguishing one illness from another

Back 5

diagnosis

Front 6

_____ refers to the causes and developmental history of the DO.

Back 6

etiology

Front 7

_____ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Back 7

prognosis

Front 8

Criteria of abnormal behavior (only one has to be fulfilled to classify):

Back 8

- Statistical deviance (from societal norms)
- Maladaptive behavior (Is it harmful? Does it interfere with your ability to function in day-to-day life?)
- Personal distress

Front 9

Diagnosis of psychological DOs involve ______ about what represents normal or abnormal behavior

Back 9

value judgments

Front 10

Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that mental disorders ought to be viewed as harmful ______

Back 10

evolutionary dysfunction

Front 11

Normality and abnormality exist on a _____, not an either-or proposition

Back 11

continuum

Front 12

Stereotypes of psychological DOs:

Back 12

1. Personal weakness (this is not correct b/c some causes of DOs are beyond control--i.e. biological)

2. incurable (most PDOs respond well to treatment)

3. violent and dangerous

4. bizarre behavior

Front 13

The Featured Study by ______ (with pseudopatients were admitted into mental hospitals because they heard voices--hospitals were unable to detect patients' normalcy) suggested that:

Back 13

Rosenhan

the distinction b/w normality and abnormality is not clear-cut.

Front 14

_____ is the study of the distribution of mental or physical DOs in the population

Back 14

epidemiology

Front 15

In epidemiology, _____ refers to the percentage of a population that exhibits a DO during a specified time period.

Back 15

prevalence

Front 16

_____ - the percetage of ppl who endure a specific DO at any time in their lives

Back 16

lifetime pervalence

Front 17

____ is the official psychodiagnostic classification system in the US. (Published by the American Psychiatric Association)

Back 17

DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DOs)

Front 18

The DSM-IV system asks for information about the patients on five ____, or dimensions.

Back 18

axes

Front 19

The diagnosis of DOs are made on ____; most DOs are recorded on Axis___

Back 19

Axes I and II

I

Front 20

Axis II is used to list long-running ______ or ____

Back 20

Personality DOs or Mental Retardation

Front 21

Axis I (clinical syndromes) contains:

Back 21

1. DOs usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence (i.e. ADD, autism)

2. Organic mental DOs (i.e. amnesia)

3. Substance-related DOs (alcohol abuse)

4.Schizophrenia and other psychotic DOs

5. Mood DOs

6. Anxiety DOs

7. Somatoform DOs

8. Dissociative DOs

9. Sexual and gender-identity DOs

10. Eating DOs

Front 22

Axis III records

Back 22

general mediccal conditions

Front 23

Axis IV records ___, that may affect Axis I and Axis II DOs.

Back 23

psychosocial and enironmental problems

Front 24

Axis V uses _____; estimates are made of the individual's current and past level of adaptive functioning (social and occupational)

Back 24

Global assessment of functioning (GAF)

Front 25

____ (Axis I) are a class of DOs marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Back 25

Anxiety DOs

Front 26

4 principal types of anxiety DOs:

Back 26

1. Generalized anxity DO

2. Phobic DO

3. Panic DO

4. Obsessive-compulsive DO

Front 27

(Anxiety DO) The ______ DO is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat; sometime called "free-floating anxiety"

Back 27

generalized anxiety DO

Front 28

(Anxiety DO) A ____ is marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.

Back 28

phobic DO

Front 29

(Anxiety DO) A _____ DO is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety tha usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

Back 29

panic DOs

Front 30

(Anxiety DO) Phobia of _____ are most prevalent, followed by ____, then ____

Back 30

Bugs, mice, snakes, bats

Acrophobia (heights)

Hydorphobia (water)

Front 31

A common complication of panic DOs is ____ (fear of going out to public places; concerned about having panic attakcs in public

Back 31

agoraphobia

Front 32

(Anxiety DO) The vast majority of ppl who suffer from panic DOs or agoraphobia are of what sex?

Back 32

females

Front 33

(Anxiety DO) An _____ DO is characterized by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (____) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (____)

Back 33

obsessive-compulsive DO

obsession

compulsion

Front 34

(Anxiety DO) B/W __ to __ % of the population experiences OCD at one point in their lives

Back 34

2 to 4

Front 35

(Anxiety DO) Most common OCD:

Back 35

1. contamination by germs

2. checking behavior

3. counting behavior

Front 36

____ indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same DO.

Back 36

concordance rate

Front 37

(Somatoform DOs) ______ are genuine physical problem caused in part by psychological factors esp. emotional stress. Give Examples:

Back 37

Psychosomatic disease

ulcer, high BP

Front 38

(Somatoform DOs)______ are physical problems that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors.

Back 38

somatoform DOs

Front 39

(Somatoform DOs) _____ is marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin.

Back 39

Somatization DO

Front 40

(Somatoform DOs) Somatization DO is more commmon in Men or women?

Back 40

women