Ps313 Ethics Final Exam

Front 1

At their most fundamental level, codes of ethics serve to

Back 1

Protect and promote the welfare of the client.

Front 2

In the view of the authors of the text (Remley and Herlihy), a counselor who failed to report to the police that a client had been illegally discriminated against in a public restaurant based on his race

Back 2

Would be acting appropriately, in that counselor’s have no duty to enforce laws.

Front 3

Because race, ethnicity, gender, and social class are salient cultural variables for all people,

Back 3

Individuals simultaneously experience both privilege and oppression.

Front 4

Regarding a client’s privacy, counselors should

Back 4

Promise the client privacy, but explain there are exceptions and give a general overview of the exceptions.

Front 5

Because clients may have emergencies between counseling sessions, typically the better option is for counselors to

Back 5

Instruct clients to call a 24-hour mental health hot line number or report to a hospital emergency room.

Front 6

Regarding a counselor’s personal values,

Back 6

Counselors could disclose their values to a client, if it is possible to do so in a way that conveys to the client that the counselor’s values can be accepted or rejected without risking the relationship.

Front 7

Informed consent documents that clients sign before counseling sessions begin that set forth the nature of the counseling relationship

Back 7

Are a good way to inform clients of their rights and responsibilities and are required by some federal rules and state laws.

Front 8

The nature of the privacy concepts of confidentiality and privileged communication is

Back 8

Confidentiality is primarily an ethical issue, and privileged communication is primarily a legal issue.

Front 9

Breaches of client confidentiality by counselors

Back 9

Occur rarely, and when they do occur usually were inadvertent.

Front 10

Disclosure of confidential information is acceptable when all of the following conditions exist EXCEPT:

Back 10

An attorney sends a counselor a subpoena.

Front 11

When a husband subpoenas a counselor to reveal information in a court hearing that was provided by the wife in joint couples counseling sessions, and the wife objects to the information being revealed, the counselor

Back 11

Should consult with an attorney because laws and court cases vary as to whether the counselor will have to reveal the information over the wife’s objection.

Front 12

Law and ethics differ in that:

Back 12

Laws dictate minimum standards of behavior that society will tolerate while ethics represent the ideal standards expected by the profession.

Front 13

When a client accuses a counselor of wrong doing through a complaint with the counselor’s licensure board or through a malpractice law suit filed in court,

Back 13

The client automatically waives his or her privacy rights and the counselor can reveal private information related to providing counseling services to the client.

Front 14

Legal principles view the contents of the counseling records about a particular client as belonging to

Back 14

The client.

Front 15

When counselors in training make audiotapes or videotapes of counseling sessions for supervision purposes,

Back 15

Counselors after delivering the tapes to their supervisors, must retrieve the tape after the supervisors have reviewed them, and then erase the tapes.

Supervisors must handle the tapes appropriately during the time the tapes are in the supervisors’ possession.

Supervisors should return tapes to counselors after the tapes have been reviewed.

The tapes should be labeled simply, in a manner that does not bring attention to the fact that the tapes are confidential records.

Front 16

Generally, counselors create clinical case notes

Back 16

For their own use, so that they may be effective counselors.

Front 17

Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding clinical case notes?

Back 17

Counselors should take the clinical notes they need in order to function effectively as professionals.

Front 18

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that

Back 18

Counselors give clients a clear written explanation of how counselors use, keep, and disclose their health care information.

Clients have access to their records.

That a written process exists for clients to request amendments to their records.

A written history of most disclosures of client information be available to clients.

Front 19

HIPAA rules state that if clients are first informed and given an opportunity to orally object,

Back 19

Counselors may give health care information to family members or others assisting in the client’s care.

Front 20

When a counselor uses a computer for the storage of confidential information on clients, the counselor must

Back 20

Set up a system that requires a password to access the files.

Front 21

When a counselor communicates with a client using e-mail

Back 21

The client should be advised that e-mail messages can always be retrieved and that e-mail systems are not as secure as other means of communication.

Front 22

Counselors who use technologies, such as the Internet, in their work with clients

Back 22

Should be careful not to assume that clients have access, expertise, or confidence in using computer applications.

Front 23

Counselors who function according to mandatory ethics

Back 23

Believe that their duty is to comply with basic “must” and “must not” statements in codes of ethics, and nothing more.

Front 24

Counselor competency can be assured if

Back 24

There is no way to assure counselor competency.

Front 25

Legislators agree to license a professional group, such as counselors, only when it can be shown

Back 25

The public cannot determine which practitioners are competent, and they might be harmed by incompetent members of that profession.

Front 26

Malpractice is a type of civil lawsuit that can be filed against counseling professionals for practicing in a manner that leads to

Back 26

Injury to a recipient of their services.

Front 27

When a counselor determines that a client may be at risk for harming self or others, the counselor always must

Back 27

Take the steps necessary to prevent harm.

Front 28

Boundaries serve to protect the welfare of clients because

Back 28

Clients are vulnerable in counseling relationships

Front 29

The only dual relationships that are prohibited by the ACA Code of Ethics are those

Back 29

Involving a sexual relationship between the client and the counselor.

Front 30

Regarding dual relationships between counselors and clients

Back 30

There is no consensus among professionals as to which dual relationships are acceptable and which are not.

Front 31

The typical counselor who enters into a sexual relationship with a client is

Back 31

Is a professional isolated male counselor who is experiencing distress or crisis in his personal life.

Front 32

A counselor’s self-disclosure in a counseling session

Back 32

May be acceptable if the counselor believes the disclosure will benefit the client.

Front 33

Minor clients have

Back 33

An ethical right to privacy and confidentiality, but no legal right in most states.

Front 34

A core belief that members of the profession of counseling hold concerning helping others with their mental health concerns is

Back 34

Prevention and early intervention are the most appropriate means in dealing with emotional and personal problems.

Front 35

School counselors have a legal obligation to do all of the following EXCEPT

Back 35

Obtain written parental permission before counseling students in most circumstances.

Front 36

When reporting suspected child abuse in good faith, counselors should review their particular state statute to determine all of the following EXCEPT

Back 36

Counselor liability for defamation of character.

Front 37

Each of the following groups might be considered to be vulnerable adults who are protected from abuse in some states by stature EXCEPT

Back 37

Emotionally distressed adults.

Front 38

Family counselors often view the family system as their client and treat the family as one entity, as opposed to treating individual family members, and our laws

Back 38

View family members as having separate and distinct rights and responsibilities that are individual in nature.

Front 39

If a counselor wants a person other than a biological parent (such as a step-parent or grandparent) to have confidential information regarding a child client, a simple solution is to

Back 39

Get a signed statement form one of the biological parents allowing the counselor to disclose information to the step-parent or grandparent.

Front 40

Regarding the law of privileged communication in relation to family and group counseling,

Back 40

Generally, privilege is waived if there is a third party present during counseling.

Front 41

A counselor who is beginning a group

Back 41

Should explain that while the counselor will keep things confidential, there is no guarantee others in the group will do the same.

Front 42

Pre-screening of group members

Back 42

Is required by the ACA Code of Ethics

Front 43

In a situation in which one spouse in a married couple demands that a counselor testify in court as to what occurred in counseling sessions, and the other spouse insists that the counselor not testify, the best course of action is for the counselor

Back 43

Consult with an attorney and follow his or her advice.

Front 44

The primary purpose of diagnosis is to

Back 44

Facilitate effective treatment.

Front 45

Within the counseling profession the primary national voluntary certification agency is

Back 45

NBCC

Front 46

Proper maintenance of test security by counselors includes all of the following EXCEPT

Back 46

Letting clients take tests home to complete.

Front 47

Key points with respect to diagnosis include all of the following EXCEPT

Back 47

Clients must be told in writing the implications of any diagnosis that might be assigned to them.

Front 48

The attorney for the other side will minimize the impact of an expert witness’s testimony by each of the following actions EXCEPT

Back 48

Offering the counselor more money to not testify.

Front 49

The standard used to determine whether a particular counselor is qualified to administer and interpret a particular test

Back 49

Is based on a formula that includes graduate courses taken, number of administrations of that particular test previously, and amount of supervised experience giving that particular test.

Front 50

If you believe your supervisor at your work setting is forcing you to act in what you consider to be an unethical manner, you should

Back 50

Try to work with your supervisor to resolve the problem.

Front 51

All of the following steps are suggested when counselors open private practices

Back 51

Obtain a federal tax ID number if there are any employees.

Apply and obtain a business license.

Purchase liability, property damage, or other types of insurance.

Obtain a professional license if one is required in the state to practice counseling independently.

Front 52

A “sliding scale” in counseling refers to

Back 52

A fee structure based on amount of family income and family size.

Front 53

According to the United State Small Business Administration, the percentages of business that fail are

Back 53

Over 50% fail in the first year, and 95% fail within the first 5 years.

Front 54

A preferred provider organization (PPO)

Back 54

May not accept counselors as providers of mental health services and can limit the number of providers on their list of providers.

Front 55

When a counselor must render a DSM diagnosis before a client may be reimbursed for mental health care services, the counselor

Back 55

Must render the proper diagnosis, whether or not the client will be reimbursed.

Front 56

All of the following are steps toward professionalization

Back 56

Getting state laws passed that regulate the practice of the profession.

Changing names to reduce identification with the previous less recognized occupational status.

Developing a code of ethics.

Requiring members of the profession to possess specialized knowledge and skills.

Front 57

One of the most ethically sensitive components of counselor training that has generated considerable debate is

Back 57

Self-growth experiences.

Front 58

Flexibility in relationship boundaries between counselor educators and students may be more acceptable than between counselors and clients because in counselor educator/student relationships, the student

Back 58

Eventually becomes a colleague.

Front 59

When administrative and clinical supervisors give corrective feedback to supervisees, that feedback

Back 59

Should be ongoing, coupled with periodic evaluation and opportunities to correct deficiencies.

Front 60

While you are counseling as a graduate student

Back 60

You must follow the same code of ethics as practicing counselors.

Front 61

If a supervisee is sued for negligence when a client commits suicide and a jury finds the counselor at fault,

Back 61

The administrative supervisor is most likely to be held accountable as well because the administrative supervisor has direct control and authority over the counselor’s day-to-day activities.

Front 62

If a consultant is not a consultee’s administrative supervisor, the consultant

Back 62

Generally, would not be held legally responsible for actions taken by the consultee based on the consultant’s advice.

Front 63

A supervisor is competent if he or she

Back 63

Can supervise other counselors in a professional and appropriate manner.

Front 64

It is questionable ethically for a university professor to

Back 64

Require a student to participate in a research project.

Front 65

Before students agree to serve as research assistants, counselor educators should discuss and provide

Back 65

Assurance that those who decline to participate will not be penalized.

A clarification of expectations regarding who will do which parts of the work.

An agreement regarding the type of acknowledgement students will receive when the research is published.

A time-line to complete the various tasks.

Front 66

University committees that review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected are called

Back 66

Institutional review boards.

Front 67

The most significant problem within the counseling profession today, according to the authors of the text, appears to be

Back 67

Becoming a united and societally recognized profession.

Front 68

In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports

Back 68

Appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules.

Front 69

Most legal issues faced by counselors involve

Back 69

Acting as a witness in litigation concerning other people.

Front 70

A counselor who is dealing with an angry client who is threatening to sue the counselor should

Back 70

Respond directly to the person making the threat, if possible.

Calm the person down, if possible, and listen to the concerns.

Be careful and not admit to wrongdoing.

Not say anything you would not want repeated or would not want to repeat yourself under oath at a later time.

Front 71

When local chapters, state branches, regions, and divisions of ACA receive ethical complaints against members, they refer them to

Back 71

The national ACA ethics committee.

Front 72

If you believe another counselor is behaving in an unethical manner, the first thing you should do is

Back 72

Discuss the matter with the counselor and attempt to get him or her to change the behavior.

Front 73

If a formal ethics complaint is filed against you, you should NOT

Back 73

Contact the client who filed the complaint to see if you can work things out.

Front 74

Examples of unintentional racism included all of the following

Back 74

Avoiding the issue of cultural differences by claiming to be color blind and treating all people as if they were alike.

Being too color conscious, thus attributing all problems to a client’s cultural background.

Facilitating co-dependency relationships with ethnic clients out of a need to be needed.

Misinterpreting a client’s culturally learned patterns of communicating or behaving.

Front 75

When counseling a client from a racial, ethnic, or cultural group different from the counselor’s, it is important for the counselor to remember that

Back 75

Although certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, each individual is unique and may not be like most others from his or her group.