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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which portion of the small intestine is primarily left of the midline?
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Jejunum
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Which portion of the small intestine is located primarily in the RLQ?
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ileum
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The _______ portion of the small intestine has the smoothest internal lining & doesn't look feathery when barium-filled.
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ileum
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Which aspect of the small intestine is most fixed in position ?
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Duodenojejunal junction
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in which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect with the large intestine?
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RLQ
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widest portion of the large intestine
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cecum
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Which flexure of the large bowel usually extends more superiorly?
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left colic (splenic) flexure
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Which structures will fill with air during a double contrast barium enema with the patient supine.
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transverse colon
sigmoid colon |
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the _________ is primarily responsible for digestion, absroption, and reabsortion.
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small intestine
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the _________ is responsible for the synthesis and absorption of vitamins B & K and amino acids
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Large intestine
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Which part of the small bowel is longest?
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ileum
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which part of the small bowel is shortest
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duodenum
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_______ tend to pull the large intestine into pouches
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taeniae coli
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muscular band that marks the junction between the duodenum and jejunum
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suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of treitz)
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older term for the mucosal folds found within the jejunum
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plicae circulares
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T/F
The terms large intestine and colon are synonymous |
False
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the transverse colon is a ________ structure
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intraperitoneal
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makes up 40% of the small intestine
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Jejunum
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lies in pelvis but possesses a wide freedom of motion
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sigmoid colon
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longest aspect of the large intestine
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transverse colon
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found between the cecum and transverse colon
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ascending colon
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also called the iliac colon
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descending colon
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how much barium sulfate is generally given to an adult patient for a small bowel only series
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2 cups / 16 onces
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common parasitic infection of the small intestine.
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Giardiasis
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obstruction of the small intestine
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ileus
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dilation of the intestine with thickening of circular folds
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Giardiasis
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When is a small bowel deemed completed
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when contrast medium passes through ileocecal valve
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how long does it usually take to complete an adult small bowel series
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2 hrs
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when is the 1st radiograph taken during a small bowel series?
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15 - 30 min after ingestion of contrast medium
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how long does it take for barium sulfate to reach the rectum when given orally to a healthy adult.
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approximately 24 hrs
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the term enteroclysis describes what type of a small bowel study?
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double contrast method
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LABEL
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which position is best for insertion of the rectal enema tip?
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Sims position
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The initial insertion of the rectal enema tip should be pointed toward the ____
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umbilicus
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pouches or sacculations found along the mucosal wall of the large intestine
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Haustra
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Which abdominal quadrant would the sigmoid colon be located primarily?
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LLQ
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Scarring and thickening of the bowel wall producing cobblestone appearance describes _______
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regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)
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what temp should barium enema mixtures be?
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85 - 90 degrees
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Form of inflammatory disease of the GI tract of unknown origin
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regional enteritis (Crohn's)
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The enema bag should not be more than _____ inches above the table-top before the beginning of the procedure.
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24 inches
60 cm |
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The ___ position is a recommended alternative for the lateral rectum during a double contrast BE
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ventral decubitus
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Where is the CR centered for a 15 minute radiograph during a small bowel series
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2 inches above iliac crest
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What KV is rocommended for a small bowel series?
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100-125 kV
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What are the breathing instructions for small bowel series?
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expiration
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Which flexure extends more superiorly?
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left
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Whats the body rotation for obl barium enema projections?
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35 to 45 degrees
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if a patient can't lie prone to visualize the left colic flexure the _____ position can be used.
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RPO
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to produce an air filled image of the right colic flexure, ascending colon, and cecum the patient should be in a ___ position during a double contrast BE
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left lateral decubitus
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where is the CR for a lateral projection of the rectum?
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ASIS @ midcoronal plane
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purpose of introducing methylcellulose during enteroclysis?
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dilates lumen to produce more diagnostic study
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which aspect of the large intestine is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection?
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rectosigmoid region
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What CR angle is required for the AP axial butterfly?
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CR angled 30 to 40 cephalad
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What CR angle is required for the PA axial butterfly?
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CR angled 30 to 40 caudad
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You are unsure whether an image of a double contrast BE is AP or PA. The transverse colon is filled with barium and the ascending and descending colon contain less barium. Which position is this?
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PA prone
(transverse colon is intraperitoneal, so it's more anterior, so when the body is prone it fills with barium. |
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A lateral decubitus image taken during an air contrast BE shows the upside aspect of the colon is overpenetrated.
Factors: -120 kv 30 mAs -40 inch -high screen speeds -compensating filter for air filled aspect What needs to change. |
change to 90-100kv
Even with the compensating filter kV still needs to be decreased because less barium sulfate is used during an air-contrast procedure. |
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AP axial BE image of the rectosigmoid region shows superimposition of the sigmoid colon and rectum.
Factors: 120 kv 20 mas 40 inch SID 35 caudad angle |
AP axial requires 30 -40 cephalad angle
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A BE study performed on a hypersthenic patient reveals that the left colic flexure is cut off. What can done to avoid this?
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use two crosswise 14 x 17, one higher and one lower.
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T/F
Rentention catheters should be fully inflated only by the radiologist under flouroscopic guidance. |
True
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In the sims position the patient is laying on their ___ side.
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left
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a pt with a history of ergional enteritis comes to the radiology. What type of procedure will be most diagnostic?
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1.)Enteroclysis- most effective
2.)Small bowel series-least effective 3.) CT enteroclysis - to provide further evidence |
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what modifications are required for a presurgical small bowel series?
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water soluble iodinated contrast media should be used, barium sulfate should not be given to pre surgical pts
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a pt who has recently had a stroke is unable to swallow the contrast media for a small bowel series, what type of study should be performed for this pt?
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A diagnostic intubation small bowel series
(nasogastric tube is passed into the small intestine, effective for pts who can't swallow.) |
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Which procedure can be therapeutic for an infant with a possible intussusception?
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BE or air enena often leads to re-expansion of the telescoped aspect of the large intestine
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what should the tech do if experiencing difficulty inserting the enema rectal tip
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inform radiologist and insert it under fluoroscopic guidance.
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Which two projections best demonstrate the right colic flexure?
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RAO & LPO
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Which GI study is best for a pt with enteritis?
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enteritis is an inflammation or infection of the small bowel, so a small bowel series is best.
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Which GI study is best for a pt with Giardiasis
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Giardiasis is a parasitic infection of the small intestine, so a small bowel series is best.
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List the kVp's that should be used for the following
Single contrast: Double contrast: Iodinated: |
Single contrast: 125 kvp
Double contrast: 90-100 kvp Iodinated: 80-90 kvp |
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A twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery
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volvulus
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Why is the prone position recommended for small bowel radiographs?
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to separate the loops of the bowel
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Which of the following BE projections produces the greatest skin dose?
decubitus AP lateral OBL AP axial |
lateral
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What is the advantage of an AP axial OBL projection over the AP axial projection ?
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less superimposition of rectosigmoid segments
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which aspect of the small intestine possesses the smallest diameter?
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ileum
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which parts of the large intestine are not considered part of the colon?
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Cecum & Rectum
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the rectum possesses two __________ curves that have a direct impact on rectal enema tip insertion
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anteroposterior
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T/F
The small sacculations found within the jejunum are called haustra |
False
haustra are in the large intestine |
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the left colic flexure is ___ to ___ inches higher or more superior in the abdomen
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1 to 2 inches
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where does the reabsorption of inorganic salts occur in the GI tract?
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large intestine
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Which of the following occurs in the small intestine?
haustral churning rhythmic segmentation mass peristalsis mastication |
rhythmic segmentation
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telescoping of the bowel into another aspect of it
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intussusception
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a tapered or corkscrew appearance seen during a barium enema?
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volvulus
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another name for a laxative
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Cathartic
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which health condition may restrict the use of glucagon during a barium enema
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diabetes
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which region of the large intestine must be visualized during an evacuative proctogram.
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anorectal angle
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Which obl position best demonstrates the ascending colon and right colic flexure?
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RAO position
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how much rotation of the body is required for the LAO position during a barium enema.
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35 to 45 degrees
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During the fluoroscopy phase of the study, the radiologist detects a possible polyp in the lower descending colon. Which position will demonstrate this region?
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right lateral decubitus
(allows barium to drain from the descending colon allowing for detection of polyps) |
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the gonadal dose for a female is LESS for which position
1.) lateral barium enema projection 2.) lateral decubitus AP projection |
2.) lateral decubitus AP projection
the dose for lateral barium enema projection is 15 to 20 times greater |
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The skin dose range for a lateral rectum position on an average size patient is ______
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2000 to 3000 mrad
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The RAO position best demonstrates the _____ colic flexure with the CR and image receptor centered to the level of _________
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Right colic flexure
iliac crest |
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The LAO position best demonstrates the ______ colic flexure with the CR and image receptor centered to the level of ________
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left colic flexure
1 to 2 inches above the iliac crest |
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Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the left colic flexure.
AP axial PA RPO RAO |
RPO
If LAO is not an available choice because the pt can't lie prone, it's RPO |
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T/F
It takes less time for barium to pass through a pediatric patient than an adult. |
true
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label
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A. duodenum
B. region of the ligament of treitz (superimposed by the stomach) C Jejunum D. ileum E. area of ileocecal valve |
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2 hour
Label |
A. Duodenum
B. region of the ligament of treitz C. Jejunum D. ileum |
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label
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E. ileocecal valve
D. ileum |
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label
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G. sigmoid colon
H. Rectum |
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Label
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B. ascending colon
C. right colic flexure D. transverse colon E. Left colic flexure F descending colon H. rectum |
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Is this a good lateral rectum? why?
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Yes
1.) L-5 / S-1 area is evident 2.) femoral heads are superimposed |
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Is this a good lateral rectum? why?
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No, it's a bad lateral rectum
1.) L-5/S-1 is not evident 2.) it's not a true lateral 3.)hips are rotated |
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Is this a good decubitus? why?
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Yes
1.) The entire colon is visualized 2.) the pedicles of the spine show that it's a true AP. |
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Is this a good decubitus? Why?
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No
1.) patient looks obl, can tell by looking at the spinous processes. unnecessary overlapping of colon. |
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The most common type of colon cancer is __
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Adenocarcinoma
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Intussusception is most common in _____.
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Children younger than 2 years of age
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What is the recommended kV range when a water-soluble contrast agent is used
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80-90 kV
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One of the most common pathologic indications for evacuative proctography is _____.
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Rectocele
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Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the rectum during an air-contrast barium enema?
Ventral decubitus Left lateral decubitus Right lateral decubitus Dorsal decubitus |
Ventral decubitus
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in the _____ posterior position the right colic flexure, ascending, and rectosigmoid colon are visualized
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LPO
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in the ______ posterior position the left colic flexure and descending colon are shown
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in the RPO position the left colic flexure and descending colon shown
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The tip of the catheter is advanced to the ____ during an Enteroclysis.
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Duodenojejunal flexure
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What two types of contrast media are used for an enteroclysis?
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high density barium sulfate &
Air or Methylcellulose |
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Where is the CR for the LAO barium enema position?
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1 to 2 inches above the iliac crest and 1 inch lateral to the MSP
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the _______ colon is located on the left side of the body & and the ______ colon is located on the right.
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the descending colon is located on the left side of the body and the ascending colon is located on the right.
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The ventral decubitus position is best for ______ contrast studies.
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double contrast studies
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Where is the CR centered for left lateral rectum?
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level of the ASIS centered to midcoronal plane (midway between ASIS and posterior sacrum)
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When in the left or right lateral decubitus positions, the side up with air demonstrate _____ well.
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polyps
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When performing a right or left lateral decubitus position, if the air filled portion of the large intestine is overpenetrated a ________ should be used.
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compensating filter
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What does the PA (AP) postevacuation barium enema projection demonstrate?
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mucosal pattern of the large intestine with residual contrast media for identifying small polyps and defects.
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double contrast barium enema is ideal for demonstrating ____ , _____, & _____
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diverticulosis, polyps, and mucosal changes
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Does the RPO or LPO show the rectosigmoid portion?
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LPO
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When a patient is supine, where will the barium reside in the large intestine?
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ascending and descending aspects and aspects of the sigmoid colon
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When a pt is prone where will the barium reside?
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transverse colon & loops of the sigmoid colon
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