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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Use of force |
Any type of physical intervention used on another person. Use of force involves difficult and challenging decisions. Deciding whether or not to use restraint requires understanding of legal requirements and policies specific to a role of prison officer |
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When to use force |
Use of force must be only used when all other techniques have been tried repeatedly and failed, or judged unlikely to succeed, and action needs to be taken to prevent injury or harm to Prisoner Prison officer Others Prevent escape Prevent damage to a property |
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Four general principles to use of force |
Use of force is necessary in the circumstances Degree of force is reasonable in the circumstances Use of force is proportionate to seriousness of the circumstances No more force than is necessary |
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Laws and policies relevant to Use of force |
Human rights act Criminal law Common law Rule 47/YOI Rule 50 PSO 1600 use of force policy PSI 30/2015 |
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Human rights act |
Rule 2 : Right to life Rule 3 : prohibition from torture, degrading or inhuman treatment Rule 8 : Right to respect private and family life |
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Criminal law |
Any person may use force as is reasonable in circumstances such as prevention of crime, assisting to arrest the prisoners and defend themselves or others In prison Assault Attempt to escape Damage to property and Refuse to comply lawful order |
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Common law and self defence |
Common law recognised a person’s right to act in self defence or others and has established principles of “duty of care “ Any civilian may use force to defend themselves or others as is reasonable and necessary in the circumstances. No more force than is necessary |
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Rule 47/YOI Rule 50 |
An officer should not use force unnecessarily. when use of force applied, no more force used than is necessary No officer shall act deliberately in a manner to provoke a prisoner Similar powers conferred up on officers by the criminal justice act Key points Who decides When use of force is necessary How much force is necessary |
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PSO 1600 use of force policy |
Prison officers must be aware there is an exception that they are better equipped and trained to deal with confrontation as this forms part of operational duties. Officers must be aware use of force must be viewed as last option |
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PSI 30/2015 |
Psi introduces amendments to use of force relating to personal safety techniques, use of batons, refresher training, debriefing and monitoring |
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Managing conflict through communication |
Fight or flight response Increased activity Heart beats quicker Blood supply to Brian, limbs , muscles increased Blood pressure rises Brian function - think less and act instinctively Lungs take more oxygen Sweats Adrenaline provides fuel for any response Decreased activity Digestion slows down Mouth goes dry Kidneys, large intestine and bladder slows down Immune response decreases |
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Barriers to communication |
Cultural Language Physical Stress affects |
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Strategies to resolve difficult situation |
Open Affirmative Reflection Summarise |
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Conflict resolution model |
Avoiding the danger Defusing the situation Controlling the situation |
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How aggression can build |
Trigger External body language Thoughts Internal body language Angry behaviour |
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Defusing situation |
Appear calm and confident Create space Speak slowly and softly Don’t stare Don’t argue Ask questions Active listening Body posture Facial expression Eye contact Gestures |
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Managing angry person |
Ask them to stop and calm down Tell them that you really want to listen but you can’t until they are able to tell you about it Create space and listen don’t interrupt them Ask questions OARS Tell them how you feel about what you have heard Let them know you want to listen and help them |
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Hypoxia |
When there is any problems with nose, mouth, throat, chest or abdomen could block oxygen and carbon dioxide moves in and out of lungs. This can rapidly lead to reduction of oxygen levels in our body which results in significant harm. |
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Hypoxia |
When there is any problems with nose, mouth, throat, chest or abdomen could block oxygen and carbon dioxide moves in and out of lungs. This can rapidly lead to reduction of oxygen levels in our body which results in significant harm. |
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Asphyxia |
Is due to inadequate ventilation. I.e, no or low level movements of oxygen into the body which results loss of consciousness and death |
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Hypoxia |
When there is any problems with nose, mouth, throat, chest or abdomen could block oxygen and carbon dioxide moves in and out of lungs. This can rapidly lead to reduction of oxygen levels in our body which results in significant harm. |
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Asphyxia |
Is due to inadequate ventilation. I.e, no or low level movements of oxygen into the body which results loss of consciousness and death |
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Restraint asphyxia |
Can result from any form of restraint which blocks airways or movement of rib cage or abdomen is limited |
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Warning symptoms and signs |
Symptoms Rapid breathing or gasping, decreased breathing Decreased speaking Signs Anxiety Suddenly becoming pale Suddenly become quite Loss of consciousness Blueness in fingernails and lips Feeling sick |
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Musculoskeletal injuries |
Fracture Dislocation Nerves Tendon and ligaments Soft tissue Bruise Muscle |
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Medical emergency |
Modify the restraint in order to reduce restriction of breathing. This may include stopping the restraint Call for medical help Remove anything blocking their airway and open the airway. Check breathing for 10 seconds Provide first aid |
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Accommodation fabric checks |
AFC is to check all the areas of the living accommodation or wing which may include servery, dormitories, cells, association areas, landing and stair wells, officers and meeting areas. It is not a search and should not be treated as such |
