Definitions
1. Plain view is a legal term that describes the ready visibility of objects that might be seized as evidence during a search by police in the absence of a search warrant specifying the seizure of those objects. To lawfully seize evidence in plain view, officers must have a legal right to be in the viewing area and must have cause to believe that the evidence is somehow associated with criminal activity pg. 205
2. Terry Stop is a brief detention of a person by police on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity but short of probable cause to arrest. A traffic stop can be considered a Terry Stop, with the driver and passenger being held, and possibly ordered out of the car and searched. (Terry stop, 2016)
3. Exclusionary …show more content…
Reasonable suspicion is the level of suspicion that would justify an officer in making further inquiry or in conducting further investigation. It may permit stopping a person for questioning or for a simple pat down search. It can be defined as a belief, based on a consideration of facts at hand and on reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, that would induce an ordinary cautious person under the same circumstances to conclude that criminal activity is taking place or that criminal activity has recently occurred. It is a general and reasonable belief that a crime is in progress or has occurred, where probable cause is a reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a specific crime pg. 211
6. Bivens Action is a civil suit based on the case of Bivens v Six Unknown Federal Agents, brought against federal government officials for denying the constitutional rights of others. A type of liability action, directed specifically against federal officials pg. 271
7. Civil liability is the potential responsibility for payment of damages or other court ordered enforcement as a result of a ruling in a lawsuit. Civil liability is not the same as criminal liability, which means open to punishment for a crime pg. …show more content…
Police use of force is the use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public. (Schmalleger, 2016) Police officers are trained on how to use force and when it is appropriate. Force can be handcuffing a suspect, threatening with a flashlight, baton or gun. Excessive force which is the application of an amount and or frequency of force greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject. (Schmalleger, 2016) Excessive force can result in the officer getting into trouble or the suspect getting hurt. Deadly force is likely to cause bodily harm, also the intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death. (Schmalleger, 2016) Federal agencies even have deadly force policies that include: defense of life, a fleeing subject, verbal warnings and then not to fire a warning shot or shooting to disable a vehicle. Officers are now getting the option to use less-lethal weapons, which is a weapon that is designed to disable, capture, or immobilize a suspect, but not kill
1. Plain view is a legal term that describes the ready visibility of objects that might be seized as evidence during a search by police in the absence of a search warrant specifying the seizure of those objects. To lawfully seize evidence in plain view, officers must have a legal right to be in the viewing area and must have cause to believe that the evidence is somehow associated with criminal activity pg. 205
2. Terry Stop is a brief detention of a person by police on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity but short of probable cause to arrest. A traffic stop can be considered a Terry Stop, with the driver and passenger being held, and possibly ordered out of the car and searched. (Terry stop, 2016)
3. Exclusionary …show more content…
Reasonable suspicion is the level of suspicion that would justify an officer in making further inquiry or in conducting further investigation. It may permit stopping a person for questioning or for a simple pat down search. It can be defined as a belief, based on a consideration of facts at hand and on reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, that would induce an ordinary cautious person under the same circumstances to conclude that criminal activity is taking place or that criminal activity has recently occurred. It is a general and reasonable belief that a crime is in progress or has occurred, where probable cause is a reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a specific crime pg. 211
6. Bivens Action is a civil suit based on the case of Bivens v Six Unknown Federal Agents, brought against federal government officials for denying the constitutional rights of others. A type of liability action, directed specifically against federal officials pg. 271
7. Civil liability is the potential responsibility for payment of damages or other court ordered enforcement as a result of a ruling in a lawsuit. Civil liability is not the same as criminal liability, which means open to punishment for a crime pg. …show more content…
Police use of force is the use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public. (Schmalleger, 2016) Police officers are trained on how to use force and when it is appropriate. Force can be handcuffing a suspect, threatening with a flashlight, baton or gun. Excessive force which is the application of an amount and or frequency of force greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject. (Schmalleger, 2016) Excessive force can result in the officer getting into trouble or the suspect getting hurt. Deadly force is likely to cause bodily harm, also the intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death. (Schmalleger, 2016) Federal agencies even have deadly force policies that include: defense of life, a fleeing subject, verbal warnings and then not to fire a warning shot or shooting to disable a vehicle. Officers are now getting the option to use less-lethal weapons, which is a weapon that is designed to disable, capture, or immobilize a suspect, but not kill