Principles Of Management Exam 1

Front 1

What are the three levels of management?

Back 1

1- strategic
2- tactical
3- operational

Front 2

Define strategic managers

Back 2

Firm's senior executives with overall responsibility for the firm

Front 3

Define tactical managers

Back 3

responsible for translating the general goals and plans developed by strategic managers into specific objectives and activities.

Front 4

Define operational managers

Back 4

lower-level managers who supervise the operations of the organization.

Front 5

Define cross-functional teams

Back 5

teams composed of individuals from different parts of an organization

Front 6

Define cross-disciplinary teams

Back 6

Teams that have members with diverse backgrounds

Front 7

What are the 4 management functions?

Back 7

1- planning
2-organizing
3- leading
4-controlling

Front 8

Describe the management function of planning

Back 8

Assesses management environment to set future objectives and map out activities necessary to achieve those objectives.

Front 9

Describe the management function of organizing

Back 9

Determining how the firm's human, financial, physical, informational, and technical resources are arranged and coordinated to perform tasks to achieve desired goals

Front 10

Describe the management function of leading

Back 10

to energize people to contribute their best individually and in cooperation with other people

Front 11

Describe the management function of controlling

Back 11

Measuring performance, comparing it to objectives, implementing changes, and monitoring progress

Front 12

Which person is associated with management strategy?

Back 12

sun tzu; art of war

Front 13

which person is associated with leadership?

Back 13

nicolo machiavelli; the prince

Front 14

Which person is associated with design and organization of work?

Back 14

Adam Smith; wealth of nations

Front 15

Which person is associated with scientific management?

Back 15

Taylor

Front 16

Which person is associated with quantitative management?

Back 16

Ford Harris

Front 17

Which person is associated with quality management?

Back 17

walter shewhart

Front 18

Define the Hawthorne effect

Back 18

when a manager shows concern for employees, their motivation and productivity levels are likely to improve.

Front 19

Define Human Relations approach

Back 19

the relationship between employees and a supervisor is a vital aspect of management

Front 20

What is a theory X assumption?

Back 20

The average person has an inherent dislike for work

Front 21

What is a theory Y assumption?

Back 21

The average person has an inherent like for work because they seek responsibility

Front 22

What are the 3 contemporary management approaches?

Back 22

1) Systems theory
2) Contingency theory
3) Learning Organization Perspective

Front 23

Define Systems theory

Back 23

Views the organization as a system of parts that create a whole to work as one holistic system.

Front 24

Define Contingency Theory

Back 24

States that there is no "one best" way to manage an organization

Front 25

Define Learning Organization Perspective

Back 25

Instead of reacting to change, an organization anticipates change

Front 26

What are the 2 Emerging perspectives of management?

Back 26

1) Modular organization
2) Intangible organization

Front 27

Define modular organization

Back 27

Every function not regarded as crucial is outsourced to an independent organization

Front 28

Define Global Shift

Back 28

A term used to characterize the effects of changes in the competitive landscape prompted by worldwide competition

Front 29

What is NAFTA?

Back 29

North american free trade act; The major economic alliance in the Americas

Front 30

What are the 4 major factors affecting international business?

Back 30

1) General business environment
2) Legal systems
3) Economic environment
4) Cultural environments

Front 31

Define Power distance

Back 31

The extent to which individuals expect a hierarchical structure that emphasizes status between subordinates and superiors

Front 32

Define Uncertainty avoidance

Back 32

the extent to which a society places a high value on reducing risk and instability

Front 33

Define first-mover advantage

Back 33

preempting rivals, capturing demand by establishing a strong brand name, and making it difficult for later entrants to win business.

Front 34

What are pioneering costs?

Back 34

effort, time, and expense of entering a national market.

Front 35

Define Turnkey projects

Back 35

a specialized type of exporting in which the firm handles the design, construction, start-up operations, and workforce training of a foreign plant.

Front 36

Define strategic alliances

Back 36

cooperative arrangements between competitors or potential competitors from different countries.

Front 37

Define wholly owned subsidiaries

Back 37

Entering new markets in which a firm fully owns its subsidiary in a foreign country

Front 38

what are the 3 approaches to managing the global firm?

Back 38

1) ethnocentric
2) polycentric
3) geocentric

Front 39

Define Third-country nationals

Back 39

citizens of countries other than the host nation or the firm's home country

Front 40

Define Ethics

Back 40

principles that explain what is good and right and what is bad and wrong and that prescribe a code of behavior based on these definitions

Front 41

Define business ethics

Back 41

standards or guidelines for the conduct and decision making of employees and managers

Front 42

What are the 6 ethics approaches?

Back 42

1- utilitarianism
2- individualism
3- rights approach
4- justice approach
5- applications of ethics approaches
6- comparison of ethics approaches

Front 43

Define utilitarianism

Back 43

a means of making decisions based on what is good for the greatest number of people

Front 44

Define Rights approach

Back 44

A means of making decisions based on the belief that each person has fundamental human rights that should be respected and protected

Front 45

Define Justice Approach

Back 45

An approach to decision making based on treating all people fairly and consistently when making business decisions

Front 46

Define Corporate Credo

Back 46

A formal statement focusing on principles and beliefs, indicating the company's responsibility to its stakeholders

Front 47

Define Ethical Policy Statements

Back 47

A firm's formal guidelines that provide specific formulas for employees' ethical conduct

Front 48

Define Whistleblower policies

Back 48

A method by which employees can disclose their employer's illegal conduct can be protected

Front 49

Give 4 examples of ethical dilemmas in the workplace

Back 49

1- performance appraisals
2- employee discipline
3- romantic relationships
4- gift giving

Front 50

Define Social Responsibility

Back 50

The belief that corporations have a responsibility to conduct their affairs ethically to benefit both employees and the larger society

Front 51

Give 7 categories of stakeholders

Back 51

1- owners
2- employees
3- governments
4- customers
5- community
6- competitors
7- social activist groups

Front 52

What are the 4 strategies for managing stakeholders?

Back 52

1- damage control
2- confrontation
3- proactive
4- accommodation

Front 53

Explain Accommodation strategy

Back 53

a means of dealing with stakeholders groups when a firm decides to accept responsibility for its business decisions after pressure from stakeholders

Front 54

Explain Proactive strategy

Back 54

A means of dealing with stakeholders when a firm determines that it wants to go beyond stakeholder expectations

Front 55

Define organizational culture

Back 55

A system of shared values, assumptions, beliefs, and norms that unite the members of an organization

Front 56

Define Visible culture

Back 56

aspects of culture that an observer can hear, feel, or see.

Front 57

Define espoused values

Back 57

the aspects of corporate culture that are not readily observed, but instead can be perceived from the way managers and employees explain and justify their actions and decisions

Front 58

Define Socialization

Back 58

the process of internalizing or taking organizational values as one's own.

Front 59

What are the three stages of socialization? In order.

Back 59

1) Pre-arrival stage
2) Encounter stage
3) Metamorphosis stage

Front 60

Define baseball team culture

Back 60

The fast-paced, competitive, high risk form of corporate culture typically found in organizations in rapidly changing environments, with short product life cycles, high-risk decision making, and dependent on continuous innovation for survival,

Front 61

Define club culture

Back 61

a type of organizational culture that seeks people who are loyal, committed to one org., and need to fit into a group, and rewards them with job security, promotion from within, and slow progress

Front 62

Define academy culture

Back 62

type of organization that seeks to hire people with specialties and technical mastery

Front 63

Define Fortress Culture

Back 63

An organizational culture with the primary goal of surviving and reversing business problems.

Front 64

Define the three-step model

Back 64

A model of organizational change that features the 3 steps of unfreezing, change, and refreezing

Front 65

Define force-field analysis

Back 65

states that 2 sets of opposing forces are at equilibrium to make change come about (driving and restraining forces)

Front 66

What are the five tactics for introducing change?

Back 66

1- communication and education
2- employee involvement
3- negotiation
4- coercion
5- top management support