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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The incidence of lung cancer is 120/100000 peron-years for smokers and 10/100000 person years for non smokers. The prevalence of smoking is 20% inthe community.
If the prevalence of smoking in the community was decreased to 10%, the excess incidence rate of lung CA that could be averted in that community would be a) 11/100000 b) 22/100000 c) 50/100000 d) 60/100000 e)110/1000000 |
a) 22/100000
If the prevalence of smoking in the population is 20%, then the PAR is calculated as follows: PAR = AR x prevalence AR = Ie - Io = 120/100000 - 10/100000 = 110/1000000 PAR = 110/100000 X 10/100 = 11/100000 |
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Decision analyses often include a patient's utilities in the determination of the bst decision
These utililities measure a) Whether a patient favors one decision over another b) Whether a physician favors one decision over another c) The difference between a patient's decision and the physician's decision d)The relative value a patient places on a particular outcome e) The relative likelihood of a particular outcome. |
d)The relative value a patient places on a particular outcome
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You have just finished conducting a case control study to measure the assocation between EtOH use and lower respiratory tract infections. The most appropriate method to control for smoking as a confounder is
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stratification
Once data is collected, control for confounding can be performed in the analysis by stratification or multivariate analysis if there is aneed to control for multiple variables. |
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A prospective cohort examining the association between passive smoking and cervical cancer reveals an odds ratio of 1.3 (95% CI 0.8 - 5.6). The most appropriate conclusion is that
a) There is a significant assocation between smoking and cervical cancer b) the null hypothesis is rejected c) There is a type 1 error d) The alfa was set at 0.10 e) A 90% confidence interval would result in a narrower confidence interval |
e) A 90% confidence interval would result in a narrower confidence interval
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A clinical training program wishes to evaluate the reliability of self-assessment of clinical skills as a tool for measuring improvement. After a teaching session, students are asked to rank themselves (on a scale of 1 to 5) on 10 examination procedures. The preceptor also ranks the students according to the same scale. The results of the two assessments are then compared. The most appropriate test statistic to compare to compare results is
a) A Kappa statistics test b) A student t test c) A Wilcoxan rank sum test d) A chi-square test e) a correlation analysis |
a) A Kappa statistics test
The Kappa statistic is most often used for reliability studies. It can be used to assess inter-rater reliability, as in comparing radiologists. It can also be used to assess intra-rater reliability, such as comparing responses given on surveys to participants more than once over time to evaluate reproducibility of responses. |
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Comparison of systolic pressures in independent samples of pregnant and nonpregnant women
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t test
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Comparison of the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in medical and dental students.
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chi square
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Comparison of the level of blood glucose in male and female rats following administration of three different drugs
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ANOVA
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Comparison of serum cholestrol before and after ingetion of hamburgers in a sample of fast-food patrons
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paired T test
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Elevated bilirubin levels in neo-nates are associated with brain damage only in babies who also have infections or severe hemolytic disease
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effect measure modification
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People who drink coffee tend to smoke smore, and for this reason coffee drinkers have a higher risk of lung cancer
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confounding
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Higher lead levels in hyperactive children may be due to increased consumption of paint in children who were already hyperactive
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selection bias
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A prospective cohort study with an imprecise measurement of exposure to radiation fails to demonstrate a significant association
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non differential misclassification
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What kind of variabls is birthweight?
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Ratio (zero is a true zero)
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