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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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public opinon |
the preferences and opinions of adult population on matters of relevance to government |
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factors that affect public opinion |
Media: tv, radio, newspaper People: teachers, bosses, friends Institutions: government, religion Processes: school, work, life events |
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why there are differences in public opinion |
social class race/ethnicity religion political socialization (how political values are formed and transmitted to others) political culture |
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why do opinions vary |
how people feel about govt political socialization |
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How we get political socialization |
top: family (declining) fastest growing: peer groups school interest groups political parties religious institutions life events social class gender |
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how views can be changed |
mobility life events age elite socializing |
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political culture theory |
the civic culture almond and verba (book) looks @ democracy |
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characteristics of a civic culture |
large middle class
secular nature tolerant society faith in your common man |
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types of culture (all 3= successful democratic govt) parochial culture |
live as if no govt
sub saharan africa, tribes |
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types of culture (all 3= successful democratic govt) subject culture |
lives dependent upon govt
full recognition that govt will do things for them Cuba and Castro |
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types of culture( all 3= successful democratic govt) participant culture |
expects govt to do things and expect the govt to listen to them these people vote |
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supports |
mobilize the base informt he public ( change public opinion in a good way) |
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lobbying |
number 1 action direct interaction w/ politicians with goal of changing law or regulation for benefit of its members |
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fundraising |
money needed to accomplish goals from public and donors |
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campaign contributions |
big names donate to politician with hopes of getting something in return later on |
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direct contact |
members can contact their representative |
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public demonstrations |
crowds get peoples attention |
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media campaigns |
ads, internet, tv, radio (can only be done w/ money) |
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public meetings |
access for members to be apart of |
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electioneering |
getting people you want in election and others out |
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socializing |
events put on to have a good time by person who wants votes |
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legal actions |
lawyers and lawsuits to change regulation interest groups can benefit from illegal actions |
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helpful factors for interest groups |
active participants hot topic issues broad appealing issues |
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hurtful factors for interest groups |
non participants free rider population (support but don't join) party competition part time legislature decentralization of executive |
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iron triangle theory |
grant McConnell 1966 individual has less power in politics, replaced by interest groups so they could be heard beurocrats legislature interest groups |
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single party systems |
(soviet union) 1 legal party un-elected leadership (power through military force) facist, nationalist, stalin, marxist states |
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dominant party system |
(mexico, ireland) opposition party exists, but extremely small if small party becomes popular, stricter laws get applied coalition parties can changed leadership |
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2 party system |
(USA) power shifting (both parties take turn being in the lead) small non existent 3rd parties rule of law followed( no riots after election) brad party ideology ( appeal to majority) promote unity |
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Multi party system |
(england) no majority party coalition governments are necessity party ideology more defined and limited political environment always changing interesting political ideologies |
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proportional representation |
european political systems leads to multi party systems leads to coalition govt +voters go vote for a PARTY not a person whatever % party gets is how many seats |
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single member districting |
US leads to 2 party system +vote for person IN the party |
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New nation |
founding fathers under Washington's reign (politics were tame) federalist papers #10 political factions not good |
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Federalists |
strong national govt want new constitution win |
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anti federalists |
strong state government fix articles of confederation ratification of constitution dissolve |
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1st political party system of US |
1796-1824 republican democrat party (jefferson) aka jeffersonian democrats (similar to anti feds) strong state rights, lower taxes and tariffs supported by south farmers and merchants |
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Federalist party |
alexander hamilton (washington) strong national govt support higher tariffs to protect industries supported by growing middle class and manufactures |
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presidential campaign |
every 4 years, start early competitive need money to compete organization ( need educated and known people to staff all 50 states) need strategy theme (slogan) control all info (media about you) |
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federal congressional campaigns |
90% rate of re election in congress well organized large organization good amount of money needed |
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state campaigns |
i.e. house of reps/ state rep smaller and less organized don't need a lot of money |
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Local campaign |
i.e. school council or city council small, not organized don't need a lot of money (depends on city) |
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governor |
mini presidential campaign need money |
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primary elections |
to determine who will represent political party in general election organization, support, funds (don't need much) |
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primary types |
depend on state closed and open |
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closed primary |
only allowed to vote in 1 political parties primary election texas |
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open primary |
can vote in more than 1 political parties primary election |
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general elections |
determine who will be elected for that political office more $ more organized better media and funding |
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second political party of US |
election 1828 jackson wins (democrats) states rights, lower tariffs, loose election laws |
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national republicans |
fed govt, stronger fed gov powers, active involvement in economy, higher tariffs |
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1824 election |
none of the candidates received enough electoral college votes = election goes to HOR 1 state= 1 vote |
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henry clay |
becomes sec of state after withdrawing from election and gives support to adams |
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whigs |
henry clay national repub falls apart so start supporting whigs protective tariffs strong fed govt, strong economy |
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third political party |
northern, southern democrats, republican party |
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northern democrat |
pro war and anit war deomcrats |
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southern democrats |
supports states rights farmers, bankers, railroad against high tariffs and taxes |
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republican party |
majority in north, anti slavery, popular in mid-west, strong industry/ manufacturing (had strong support from northern farmers) 1895 it was the dominant party |
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fourth political party |
great depression republican party blamed for depression democratic party FDR's new deal(aimed at getting people back to work) - creates govt that takes care of social problems |
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fifth political party |
present democrat and republican party |
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democrat party beliefs |
founded 1820 andrew jackson beliefs come from FDR civil liberties through equality free markets w/ govt control progressive taxation system (more $= higher taxes) EQUALITY optimistic view of human nature big government |
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Democrat party issues |
pro same sex marriage pro choice against patriotism act, iraq war gun control and rehabilitation of prisoners pro environment nationalized health care system illegal alien rights |
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republican party beliefs |
1854 abe lincoln individualism/ liberty free open markets (some gov control) support safety net, basic welfare state low taxation small govt skeptical view of human nature |
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republican party issues |
anti abortion against same sex marriage crime prevention via punishment pro patriot act, war on terror, iraq war support tax cuts stop illegal immigration strong national defense, home land security |
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purpose of political parties |
to gather and focus support for a political ideology and apply that ideology to gathering political power through the election process |
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function of political parties |
nominating simplify issues provide info mobilize voters run the government |
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European politcal parties |
all that american have plus specific party platforms provide biased and detailed information provides services and benefits to members defend party platform |
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characteristics of american political parties |
pragmatism- have a willingness to compromise to get things done decentralizations- the real "american politics" occurs at the local level 2 partyism- encoruages pragmatism and decentralization within the gov (encourages public stability) |
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other political parties |
libertarian party- strong belief in individual freedom green party- the govts primary purpose is to protect the environment constitution party- big in the 90's, now the tea party, small fed gov, less gov, regulation, less gov institution into lives |
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Campaign issues Position issues |
view candidate takes on an issue isolates % of voters specific stance opponent will have opposite view |
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Campaign issues Valence issues |
candidate and public support issue (non controversial) very general most people agree difficult to have opposing view appeals to a many people as possible |
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Source of funds |
larger position need more money majority are private donors interest groups, political action committee, and political parties self financed campaign (can opt to be matched by govt, but once you reach that amount you can't get more... the rich opt to raise their own unlimited funds) |
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Current campaign finance rules |
individual donor; $2,500 per election candidate $117,000 per 2 year cycle, $37,500 candidate limit corporate donors: must follow PAC |
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PAC rules |
must have at least 50 donors may not give more than $5K/ candidate or $15k/ party |
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presidential election factors |
Position, policy, platform (whichever candidate supports affects election) like-ability (being liked as a person) media reporting (shapes perspective of candidate) national needs( dictate type of person who runs) Voter apathy and presence (get people to go vote) |
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factors in voting |
age sex race education location inadequate results decline of party identification decline of political interest |
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voter turn out
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presidential elections 50-60% mid term election 35% special elections 10% america runs very low compared to other nations |
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political ideology |
coherent consistent set of attitudes about who ought to rule and with what policies |
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public opinion |
how people feel about particular things |
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random sample |
sample of people where anyone could be chosen |
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poll |
survey of public opinion |
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elite |
identifiable group who have an advantage of some shared valued resource i.e. money |
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gender gap |
differences in political views and voting behavior btwn men and women |
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liberal |
favors active fed govt support welfare protect minority rights les régulation on private conduct |
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conservative |
limited local govt social conformity tough criminal policies |
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faction |
group of people who seek to influence public policy contrary to public good
james madison
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caucus |
association of members of congress to advocate political ideology |
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activist |
outside govt person who actively promotes a political party |
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grass roots lobbying |
influence by communicating with someone on the inside |
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runoff primary |
2nd primary election when no candidate gets majority vote common in south |
