Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the main cation in ECF?
What are its balancing anions? |
The main cation in ECF is Na+
Its balancing anions are Cl- and HCO3- (Chloride and Bicarbonate) |
|
|
What is the main cation in ICF?
|
The primary cations in ICF are K+ and Mg2+.
Their balancing anions are proteins and organic phosphates. |
|
|
Does the ICF have a low or high [Ca2+]?
Other differences between ICF and ECF? |
Low concentration of Ca2+ in the ICF.
The Ca2+ concentration in the ECF is higher by 4 orders of magnitude. ICF is more acidic than ECF. Substances found in high concentration in the ICF are low in the ECF, and vice versa. |
|
|
What are the Extracellular concentration and
The intracellular concentration of Na+? |
Extracellular: 140
Intracellular: 14 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular concentration and
The intracellular concentration of K+? |
Extracellular: 4
Intracellular: 120 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular concentration and
The intracellular concentration of Ca2+? |
Extracellular: 2.5
Intracellular: 1 x 10^-4 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular concentration and
The intracellular concentration of Cl-? |
Extracellular: 105
Intracellular: 10 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular concentration and
The intracellular concentration of HCO3-? |
Extracellular: 24
Intracellular: 10 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular and
The intracellular pH? |
Extracellular pH: 7.4
Intracellular pH: 7.1 |
|
|
What are the Extracellular and
Intracellular osmolarities? |
Extracellular: 290
Intracellular: 290 |
|
|
Describe the Na+ - K+ pump
|
Active transport, utilizing ATP to transport Na+ and K+ against their electrochemical gradients.
|
|
|
What is the Ca2+ electrochemical gradient, and how is this maintained.
|
Ca2+ concentraiton is much lower in the cell, and much higher extracellularly. This gradient is maintained by Ca2+ ATPase.
|
|
|
How is the Na+ gradient utilized?
|
To transport concentration gradients for glucose, amino acids, Ca2+, and H+ without the direct utilization of ATP.
|
|
|
How do the concentrations within plasma and interstitial fluid vary?
|
In the plasma, there are negatively charged proteins. Consequently, the plasma compartment must have a lower concentration of anions, and a higher concentration of cations.
|
|
|
What is the Gibbs-Donnan ratio?
|
The Gibbs-Donnan ratio gives the plasma concentration relative to the interstitial fluid concentration for anions and interstitial fluid relative to plasma for anions.
Example: [Cl-]plasma/[Cl-]interstitial fluid = 0.95 Na+ would be inverted, because its positively charged (but the Gibbs-Donnan ratio is the same). |
|
|
What percentage of body mass does TBW comprise?
|
50-70%
|
|
|
How does fat affect percentage of TBW?
|
Adipose tissue decreases the overall percentage of body mass that is water (fat cells have no H20).
|
|
|
What percentage of TBW is ICF?
ECF? |
ICF is about 2/3 water.
ECF is about 1/3 water. They are separated by cell membranes. |
|
|
How is ECF subdivided?
|
Plasma- the fluid circulating in blood vessels and is smaller of 2 compartments
Interstitial fluid is the fluid that actually bathes the cells and is the larger of the two components. Plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by the capillary wall. |
|
|
What is pH?
|
pH = -log10 [H+]
|
|
|
What is hyperosmolic?
|
Has a higher osmolarity than a second solution.
|
|
|
What is hypo-osmolic?
|
Has a lower osmolarity than a second solution.
|
|
|
What is the equation for osmotic pressure?
|
The van't Hoff equation:
pi=g C (sigma) RT pi = osmotic pressure g= # of particles per mole in solution C= concentration Sigma = reflection coefficient (varies from 0 to 1) R = Gas constant T=Absolute temperature (K) |
|
|
Talk about hypertonic, hypotonic solutions
|
Hypertonic solutions have greater osmotic pressure than hypotonic solutions.
Water will move FROM the hypotonic solution TO the hypertonic solution. |
|
|
Talk about hypertonic, hypotonic solutions
|
Hypertonic solutions have greater osmotic pressure than hypotonic solutions.
Water will move FROM the hypotonic solution TO the hypertonic solution. |
