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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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true solution
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a mixture of 2 or more components that form a homogenous molecular dispersion (one phase), particle size <10 angstroms
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colloidal solution
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1-2 phases, particle size 10-5000 angstroms
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coarse dispersion
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1 phase, particle size >1000 angstroms
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binary solution
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composed of only 2 substances, solute and solvent. component in larger quantity is solvent. solid=solute, liquid=solvent. if h2o is present it is solvent
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physical properties of solutions
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colligative, additive, constitutive
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colligative properties
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depends on number of particles in solution (# moles); ex. osmotic pressure
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additive properties
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depends on total contribution of atoms in the molecule or sum of masses of components; ex mass
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constitutive properties
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depends on arrangement of atoms within molecule; ex. refractive/electrical properties, solubility
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non-electrolytes
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do not yield ions when dissolved in water
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electrolytes
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strong dissociate completely, weak partially dissociate
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molarity (M)
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moles solute/Liter solution
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normality (N)
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grams of equivalent/Liter solution
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equivalent weight
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molecular weight/valence
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molality (m)
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moles solute/ kg solvent
this is the most stable way to express concentration. |
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Which concentration expression is more robust?
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molality because it doesn't change with temperature.
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mole fraction (X)
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moles solute/moles in solution
colligative properties are proportional to mole fraction |
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cohesive forces
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forces between similar molecules
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adhesive forces
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between non-similar molecules
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non-volatile
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not able to contribute to vapor pressure
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ideal solution
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cohesive and adhesive forces are equal; addition of non-electrolytes does not affect vapor pressure
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