Philosophy 1 - Test 1

Front 1

Metaphysics is..

Back 1

Study of reality

Front 2

Epistemology is..

Back 2

Study of Knowledge

Front 3

Value Theory is..

Back 3

Study of value including moral, aesthetic, social, and political values.

Front 4

Logic is..

Back 4

Principles of right reasoning.

Front 5

Four fields of philosophy (we've covered til now)

Back 5

1) Metaphysics

2) Epistemology

3) Value Theory

4) Logic

Front 6

Three approaches / conceptions of philosophy:

Back 6

1. Speculative

2. Existentialism

3. Analytical

Front 7

Speculative approach:

Back 7

Systems based approach.

Reality is understood as an ordered whole, which is to be fathomed by an appeal to a system of universal truths.

Front 8

Existential approach:

Back 8

Anti systematic.

The purpose of philosophy is not to arrive at a system of general truths about reality but to emphasize the concretely existing individual, involving al of the provlems the individual confronts.

Front 9

Analytical approach:

Back 9

The focus of philosophy should be on its language in order to arrive at the clearest, most precise language that is hopefully able to resolve perennial questions.

Front 10

Two kinds of arguments:

Back 10

1) Deductive

2) Inductive

Front 11

Deductive arguments:

Back 11

Simply based on meaning/structure of the language.

If the premises of a well-formed argument are true, the conclusion MUST be true. It's truth is a matter of necessity.

Front 12

Inductive arguments:

Back 12

Based on day-to-day experiences.

If the premises of an argument are true, the conclusion may still be false. Its truth is a matter of possibility.

Front 13

Three laws of thought:

Back 13

* Non-contradiction

* Excluded middle

* Identity

Front 14

Non-Contradiction law of thought

Back 14

A statement can't be both true and false.

Front 15

Excluded middle law of though

Back 15

statement is either true or false

Front 16

Identity law of thought

Back 16

If a statement is true, then it's true

Front 17

Six Features of the Platonic Forms:

Back 17

1) Objective

2) Transcendent

3) Eternal

4) Intelligible

5) Archetypal

6) Perfect

Front 18

Platonic forms:

Objective

Back 18

They exist out there as objects, independently of our minds or wills.

Front 19

Platonic forms:

Transcendent

Back 19

Though they exist out there they do not exist in space and time. They lie as it were above or beyond space and time.

Front 20

Platonic forms:

Eternal

Back 20

As transcendent realities they are not subject to time and therefore not subject to motion or change.

Front 21

Platonic forms:

Intelligible:

Back 21

As transcendent realities they cannot be grasped by the senses but only by intellect

Front 22

Platonic forms:

Archetypal

Back 22

They are the models for every kind of thing that does or could exist.

Front 23

Platonic forms:

Perfect

Back 23

They include absolutely and perfectly all the features of the things of which they are the models.

Front 24

Four causes:

Back 24

1) Material cause

2) Formal cause

3) Efficient

4) Final

Front 25

Material cause

Back 25

Matter associated with a physical thing. What is an object made of.

Front 26

Formal cause

Back 26

Structure associated with a physical thing. It's shape.

Front 27

Efficient cause

Back 27

agent responsible for bringing a physical thing into being. What brought object to become said object

Front 28

Final cause

Back 28

End/Purpose of physical thing.

Front 29

The Divided Line - describe

Back 29

A vertical line split disproportionally in half (Physics and Metaphysics \ Visible and Intelligible world)

the 2 parts are split in equally disproportionate parts

[Physics: Shadows and reflections -> Physical things. Metaphysics: Universal understanding -> Forms]

Front 30

The Ultimate Efficient Cause

Back 30

In order to account for the efficient cause of any physical thing we can't simply refer to other physical things, for the same question would apply to them as well. So in order to account for the efficient cause of any physical thing, we have to refer to a source that does not change and, so , is Pure Form [Unmoved Mover].

In order to find the ultimate beginning we can not look at physical things for answer as those physical things would have to come from somewhere as well. Thus we have to assume that the ultimate beginning 'originated from alternate reality'. That which can not be affected by our physical world.

Front 31

Hylomorphic Composition:

Back 31

No matter without form.

No form without matter.

Front 32

Chorismos:

Back 32

Separation between the physical and what is supposed to cause the physical form.