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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is niacin soluble in?
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water soluble
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what does niacin do to VLDL?
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this inhibits VLDL secretion by the liver
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how does niacin affect HDL?
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this increases levels of HDL (good cholesterol()
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What disease is niacin best at treating?
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heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
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What are the main adverse effects of Niacin administration?
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Impaired glucose tolerance
hepatotoxicity |
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What are the fibric acid derivatives, and what is their common naming element?
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they all have Fibro, or Fibra in them
Gemfibrozil Clofibrate Fenofibrate |
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How do fibric acid derivatives work?
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These act as a ligand for nuclear PPAR-alpha
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What are the effects of fibric acid?
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Increase LPL activity, increasing VLDL destruction
Lower TAG's (from lower VLDL) Inhibits hepatic cholesterolgenesis |
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how are fibric acid derivatives given?
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these have oral absorption
1.5 hour half life |
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What two disease are fibric acids useful in treating?
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familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (cannot clear LDL)
Hypertriglyceridemia |
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What two diseases are fibric acids NOT useful in treating?
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primary chylomicronemia
familial hypercholesterolemia |
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What are the main adverse effects of fibric acids ?
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rash, GI, arrhythmias, hypokalemia
increased aminotransferase, alkaline phosphokinase more gallstones |
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What is the common name for all the Bile acid binding resins?
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cole-
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How doe Bile acid binding resins work?
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these all bind bile acids in the intestines and prevent their reabsorption.
less bile acid reuptake stimulates more LDL receptor expression, causing more LDL breakdown |
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When are bile acid binding resins taken?
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these are supposed to be taken with food
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What situations are bile acid binding resins effective in?
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whenever LDL is high.
hypercholesterolemia hyperlipoproteinemia |
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What are the common side effects of bile acid binding resins?
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constipation and bloating
steatorrhea |
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What drugs can bile acid binding resins impair?
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digitalis
thiazides tetracycline thyroxine aspirin |
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What are the common names of all HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
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-statins
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What two statins need to be hydrolyzed before they are active?
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lovastatin
simvastatin |
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What three statins are already active when given?
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atorvastatin
fluvastatin pravastatin |
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How do statins work?
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These increase high-affinity LDL receptors, by inhibiting reductase
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What are the side beneficial effects of statin drugs?
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reduce CRP
increase NO production increase plaque stability reduce lipoprotein oxidation (which leads to reduced plaque formation) decrease platelet aggregation |
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What are the pharmcokinetics of statins?
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high first pass metabolism
given the evening |
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what are statins best at treating?
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elevated LDL
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What is the major adverse effect of statins?
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can cause liver damage
contraindicated in pregnancy |
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What drugs increase plasma concentrations of statins?
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macrolines, cyclosporine, ketoconazole, verapamil, ritonavir
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what drugs decrease plasma concentrations of statins?
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phenytoin, griseofulvin, barbituates, rifampin
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What juice enhances statin bioavailability?
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grapefruit juice
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what inhibits statin metabolism?
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gemfibrozil
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What does Ezetimibe do?
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the blocks intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols
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How is Ezetimibe given?
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this is usually given with statins to have significant LDL reductions vs. monotherapy of either
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How does Orlistat work?
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this inhibits pancreatic lipase, so no TAGs get broken down in the guts
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What is Orlistat used for?
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weight loss
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What are the hillarious side effects of Orlistat?
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oily stools, diarrhea, and malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
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