Pharm 2 Test 3 Part 3

Front 1

average human has how much blood

Back 1

4-6 L

Front 2

plasma is what % of blood

Back 2

50-55

Front 3

blood cells is what % of blood

Back 3

45-50

Front 4

nitrogenous substances (5)

Back 4

urea, uric acid, xanthine, creatinine, amino acids

Front 5

what % water in plasma

Back 5

91-92

Front 6

term for formation of blood cells

Back 6

hematopoiesis

Front 7

all normal blood cells thought to derive from

Back 7

single pluripotent stem cell with mitotic capability

Front 8

3 types of RBC

Back 8

immature RBC, reticulocyte, mature RBC

Front 9

immature RBC

Back 9

nucleated

Front 10

reticulocyte

Back 10

RBC that still have their endoplasmic reticulum

Front 11

RBC last how long

Back 11

120 days

Front 12

how do RBC die

Back 12

by squeezing through capillary

Front 13

most RBC break where

Back 13

spleen

Front 14

broken RBC creates

Back 14

unconjugated bilirubin

Front 15

major component of RBC is

Back 15

hgb

Front 16

how many types of hgb

Back 16

300

Front 17

hgb A

Back 17

normal

Front 18

hgb S

Back 18

sickle cell disease

Front 19

hgb A1C

Back 19

copmliance with dm diet

Front 20

RBC outer cells contains

Back 20

blood group antigens A and B and the Rh factor

Front 21

hgb is a

Back 21

protein

Front 22

heme is a

Back 22

large flat iron-protoporphyrin disk

Front 23

hgb is "saturated" when

Back 23

all four heme sites are carrying o2

Front 24

the rate at which hgb is synthesized depends

Back 24

on the availability of iron

Front 25

iron absorbed in duodenum and transported through plasma by what to where

Back 25

transferrin to the transferrin iron receptors on the red cell membrane

Front 26

iron and red cell membrane engulfed into

Back 26

RBC

Front 27

after RBC engulfment, iron is then what and stored as what or used to what

Back 27

released and stored as ferritin or used to synthesize heme

Front 28

normal RBC development requires

Back 28

adequate supplies of protein, vitamins, and minerals

Front 29

specific vitamins for erythropoiesis

Back 29

folate, b12

Front 30

abnormal erythrocytes are called

Back 30

megaloblasts

Front 31

erythropoiesis governed mostly by

Back 31

tissue oxygen needs

Front 32

what is main stimulus for RBC production that does not directly act on bone marrow

Back 32

hypoxia

Front 33

hypoxia sensed where

Back 33

kidneys

Front 34

how long does it take RBC to mature and be released

Back 34

5 days

Front 35

globin does what after hgb is phagocytosed and reduced to globin and heme

Back 35

globin reenters amino acid pool

Front 36

iron is what RBC dies

Back 36

recycled - brought to bone marrow or liver

Front 37

bilirubin is a

Back 37

toxic substance

Front 38

what is required for heme production

Back 38

iron

Front 39

excretion of iron is

Back 39

minimal

Front 40

if no iron consumed for a year, body stores would decline by only

Back 40

10%

Front 41

majority of iron loss occurs from

Back 41

blood loss

Front 42

who needs more iron

Back 42

infants, pregnant, chronic blood loss

Front 43

8 foods high in iron

Back 43

liver, muscle meats, fish, fowl, egg yolk, beans, wheat germ, cereal grains, green leafy vegetables

Front 44

what is required for synthesis of DNA molecules forming RBC

Back 44

vit b12

Front 45

vit b12 is large and cannot

Back 45

easily penetrate mucosa of GI tract

Front 46

vit b12 bound to what for absorption

Back 46

glycoprotein called intrinsic factor

Front 47

long standing lack of b12 leads to

Back 47

maturation failure

Front 48

maturation failure known as

Back 48

pernicious anemia

Front 49

another thing necessary for DNA synthesis and RBC maturation

Back 49

folic acid

Front 50

folic acid anemia is a type of

Back 50

maturation failure anemia

Front 51

hct measures

Back 51

packed cell volume

Front 52

hct is normally

Back 52

3 x hgb level

Front 53

look at what value only if hgb is low

Back 53

mcv

Front 54

mchc

Back 54

mean corpuscular hgb concentration

Front 55

mchc indicates

Back 55

proportion of hgb occupied

Front 56

mchc and mch measure

Back 56

hgb color

Front 57

normo/hypo/hyperchromic

Back 57

normal/pale/bright color

Front 58

rdw

Back 58

red cell distribution width

Front 59

rdw indicates

Back 59

relative amount of abn cells

Front 60

mpv

Back 60

mean platelet volume

Front 61

term for too many RBCs

Back 61

polycythemia

Front 62

conditions that can elevate RBC

Back 62

high altitude, physcial training

Front 63

polycythemia known as

Back 63

PV or polycemia vera

Front 64

PV results in

Back 64

whole blood viscosity

Front 65

causes of PV (6)

Back 65

dehydration, tumors, cushing syndrome, ESRD, hypoxemia, long term dialysis

Front 66

PV sns (5)

Back 66

plethora, retinal and sublingual vein engorgement, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, manifestations of vascular disease

Front 67

plethora

Back 67

engorged or distended blood vessels causing a ruddy color of the face, hands, feet, ears, and mucous membranes

Front 68

retinal vein engorgement

Back 68

blood shot eyes

Front 69

manifestations of vascular disease (3)

Back 69

angina, intermittent claudication, cerebral insufficiency

Front 70

thrombocytopenia caused by (3)

Back 70

accelerated plt destruction or consumption, defective plt production, disordered plt distribution

Front 71

2 types of thrombocytopenia

Back 71

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), secondary thrombocytopenia

Front 72

ITP is accelerated what of plt

Back 72

destruction

Front 73

ITP destruction caused by

Back 73

body's own immune system

Front 74

acute ITP is more common in

Back 74

children

Front 75

chronic ITP is in

Back 75

adults

Front 76

patho ITP - platelets become

Back 76

coated with antibodies as result of autoimmune response

Front 77

patho ITP - although plt function ____ the what sees them as what

Back 77

function normally, the spleen sees them as foreign and destroys them

Front 78

secondary thrombocytopenia

Back 78

deficiency in plt production

Front 79

secondary thrombocytopenia caused by (6)

Back 79

medications, spices, infections, bone marrow disorders, chemo or radiation

Front 80

medications causing thrombocytopenia (10)

Back 80

thiazide, ASA, ibuprofen, NSAIDS, sulfonamides, tagamet, lasic, lanoxin, MS, heparin

Front 81

spices causing thrombocytopenia (5)

Back 81

ginger, cumin, turmeric, cloves, garlic

Front 82

thrombocytopenia sns (8)

Back 82

signs of hemorrhage, petechaie, purpura, epistaxis, menorrhagia, hematuria, GI bleed, activity intolerance

Front 83

thrombocytopenia GI bleed (3)

Back 83

cough is bright red blood, bleed in middle intestine tract is dark or black from bile, bleed in rectum is bright red

Front 84

anemia is not a dx bu a reflection of an

Back 84

underlying pathophysiologic alteration

Front 85

clinical manifestations of anemia depend on (5)

Back 85

rate anemia develops, age, activity level, underlying disease state, severity of anemia

Front 86

sudden blood loss (30% or more) results in

Back 86

symptoms of hypoxemia

Front 87

hypoxemia symptoms (5)

Back 87

listlessness, diaphoresis, tachycardia, SOB, rapid progression to circulatory collapse or shock

Front 88

what type of response to hypoxemia

Back 88

SNS

Front 89

symptom if anemia develops slowly

Back 89

fatigue is main complaint

Front 90

3 ways body adapts to slowly developed anemia

Back 90

1) increasing cardiac output, resp rate, O2 to tissues 2) increasing release of O2 by hgb 3) redistributing blood flow to vital organs

Front 91

one of most common signs of anemia

Back 91

pallor

Front 92

what is not a reliable index of anemia

Back 92

skin color

Front 93

where to look for color with anemia (3)

Back 93

nail beds, palms, mucous membranes

Front 94

4 other sns of anemia

Back 94

tachycardia, angina, dyspnea/SOB/fatigue, headache/dizziness/ringing in ears

Front 95

anemia angina from

Back 95

myocardial ischemia

Front 96

dyspnea/SOB/fatigue with anemia from

Back 96

decreased oxygen delivery

Front 97

headache/dizziness/ear ringing with anemia from

Back 97

decreased O2 to CNS

Front 98

2 ways to classify anemia

Back 98

morphology of red blood cell, etiology

Front 99

normocytic, normochromic anemia

Back 99

low H&H, norm MC and MCHC

Front 100

macrocytic normochromic anemia

Back 100

large normal color, low H&H, norm MCV and MCHC

Front 101

microcytic hypochromic anemia

Back 101

small pale, low H&H, low MCV and MCHC

Front 102

normocytic normochromic anemia from (2)

Back 102

acute blood loss, drug induced aplastic anemia

Front 103

macrocytic normochromic anemia results from

Back 103

interrupted synthesis of DNA, pernicious anemia

Front 104

interrupted synthesis of DNA in states of

Back 104

deficiency of B12 or folic acid

Front 105

4 etiology of anemia

Back 105

blood loss, nutritional, hemolytic, bone marrow debression

Front 106

nutritional etiology of anemia

Back 106

iron deficiency, B12, folic acid

Front 107

hemolytic etiology of anemia

Back 107

sickle cell, thalassemia, acquired hemolytic

Front 108

bone marrow depression etiology of anemia

Back 108

aplastic anemia