Pharm 2 Test 3 Part 1

Front 1

fracture caused by (4)

Back 1

force exceeding compressive strenght of bone, trauma/abuse, accidents in work, osteroporosis

Front 2

4 fracture classifications

Back 2

complete/incomplete, open/closed, location, direction of fracture line

Front 3

4 types of fracturs

Back 3

comminuted, segmental, butterfly, impacted

Front 4

complete fracture

Back 4

the bone is broken all the way through

Front 5

incomplete fracture

Back 5

the bone is damaged but is still in one piece

Front 6

open fracture types (2)

Back 6

compound, simple

Front 7

compound open fracture

Back 7

skin is broken

Front 8

treat compound fracture

Back 8

cover bone with sterile moist towel

Front 9

simple compound fracture

Back 9

skin is intact

Front 10

treat simple compound fracture

Back 10

splint fracture

Front 11

3 fracture locations

Back 11

proximal, midshaft, distal

Front 12

proximal

Back 12

top or closer to body

Front 13

midshaft

Back 13

center of bone

Front 14

distal

Back 14

bottom or further from body

Front 15

transverse

Back 15

horizontal, perpendicular to bone length

Front 16

oblique

Back 16

diagonal

Front 17

spiral

Back 17

wrap around bone like candy cane stripe

Front 18

comminuted

Back 18

section broken from bone and broken piece shatters

Front 19

segmental

Back 19

segmental broken

Front 20

butterfly

Back 20

shark bite

Front 21

impacted

Back 21

pressure from other bone causes tips to break off

Front 22

3 directions of fracture lines

Back 22

transverse, oblique, spiral

Front 23

3 alternate terms for incomplete fractures

Back 23

greenstick, torus, bowing

Front 24

greenstick

Back 24

perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone

Front 25

torus

Back 25

cortex buckles but does not break

Front 26

bowing

Back 26

paired radius-ulna or fibula-tibia

Front 27

3 other classifications of bone fractures

Back 27

pathologic, stress, fatigue

Front 28

pathologic fracture

Back 28

a break at the site of a preexisting abnormality

Front 29

stress fracture

Back 29

occurs in normal or abnormal bone that is subject to repeated stress (athlete)

Front 30

fatigue fracture

Back 30

caused by abnormal stress (when engage in a new or different act. that is both strenuous and repetitive (dancers, joggers))

Front 31

patho - what is disrupted when bone broken

Back 31

periosteum and blood vessels in the cortex, marrow, and surrounding soft tissues

Front 32

patho - what causes bleeding

Back 32

occurs from neighboring soft tissues and damaged ends of bone

Front 33

patho - what forms and where

Back 33

clot forms within the medullar canal, between the fractured ends of the bone

Front 34

patho - what bone tissue dies

Back 34

bone tissue immediately adjacent to fracture

Front 35

patho - what response is stimulated and why

Back 35

inflammatory response from dead tissue and any debris from fractured area

Front 36

patho - inflammatory response characterized by

Back 36

vasodilation, exudation of plasma and leukocytes, infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes and mast cells

Front 37

patho - with 48 hrs after injury what invades where

Back 37

vascular tissue invades the fractured area from surrounding soft tissue and marrow of the cavity

Front 38

patho - osteoblasts from where do what

Back 38

osteoblasts from procallus synthesize collagen and matrix

Front 39

patho - synthesizing collagen and matrix does what

Back 39

mineralizes to form callus (woven bone)

Front 40

patho - as repair process continues what occurs causing what

Back 40

remodeling occurs causing unnecessary callus to be reabsorbed and trabecular bone laid down

Front 41

patho - new bone formed when

Back 41

it heals after fracture

Front 42

new bone is not

Back 42

scar tissue

Front 43

new bone appears what color

Back 43

more white than original bone

Front 44

5 sns of fractures

Back 44

unnatural alignment, swelling, muscle spasm, tenderness and pain, impaired sensation

Front 45

unnatural alignment

Back 45

deformity

Front 46

muscle spasm

Back 46

may account for pain later on

Front 47

tenderness and pain

Back 47

severe at first, caused by the trauma

Front 48

impaired sensation

Back 48

pinching or severing of a nerve by the trauma or fragments

Front 49

dislocation

Back 49

temporary displacement of two bone in which the two bone surfaces lose contact entirely

Front 50

subluxation

Back 50

temporary displacement of two bones where contact between the two bone surfaces is only partially lost

Front 51

6 usual spots for dislocation and subluxation

Back 51

shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, hip, knee

Front 52

dislocation and subluxation may be caused by

Back 52

congenital or acquired disorders such as RA

Front 53

dislocation and subluxation often associated with

Back 53

fractures

Front 54

patho dis/sub - what usually accompanies dis/sub because why

Back 54

fractures accompany because stress is placed on areas of bone that are not normally subject to stress

Front 55

patho dis/sub - as bone seperates from joint what may occur

Back 55

it may bruise or adjacent nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, supporting structures, and soft tissues

Front 56

dis/sub sns same as

Back 56

fracture

Front 57

dis/sub sns

Back 57

pain, swelling, motion limitation, joint deformity

Front 58

strain

Back 58

tear or rupture of tendon at any site

Front 59

strain usually result of

Back 59

major trauma

Front 60

strain usually where

Back 60

hands, feet, knees, upper arms, thighs, angles, heels (achilles)

Front 61

sprains

Back 61

tear or rupture of a ligament at any joint

Front 62

sprains most common where

Back 62

wrist, ankle, elbow, knee

Front 63

patho sprain/strain - what develops when tendon or ligament torn and where

Back 63

inflammatroy exudate develops between torn ends

Front 64

patho strain/sprain - how is repair process begun

Back 64

granulated tissue containing macrophages, fibroblasts, and capillary buds grows inward from surrounding soft tissue and cartilage

Front 65

patho strain/sprain - within how many days will what formation begin

Back 65

4-5 days collagen formation begins and will organize parallel to the lines of stress

Front 66

patho strain/sprain - as collagen is reorganized what occurs

Back 66

healing tendon or ligament separates from surrounding soft tissue

Front 67

patho sprain/strain - usually takes how long for tendon or ligament to withstand strong pull again

Back 67

4-5 weeks

Front 68

patho strain/sprain - what is common if what occurs prior to 4-5 weeks

Back 68

reinjury is common if strong pull occurs prior to 4-5 weeks

Front 69

strain/sprain sns (3)

Back 69

pain, swelling, tendon/ligamen contour

Front 70

strain/sprain pain (3)

Back 70

sharp, localized, tender

Front 71

RICE

Back 71

rest, ice, compress, elevate

Front 72

ice for how long

Back 72

first 24 hours

Front 73

tendinitis

Back 73

painful inflammation of tendons where it attaches to bone

Front 74

bursitis

Back 74

painful inflammation of bursae

Front 75

bursae

Back 75

small sacs lines with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

Front 76

bursae located where

Back 76

between tendons, ligaments, and bony prominences

Front 77

muscle strain

Back 77

muscle is stretched beyond normal capacity

Front 78

muscle strain may involve

Back 78

tendon also

Front 79

muscle strain usually caused by

Back 79

trauma

Front 80

muscle strain sns (2)

Back 80

hemorrhage into surrounding tissue, inflammation

Front 81

muscle strain categorized as

Back 81

degrees

Front 82

muscle strain grade 1

Back 82

bone shifts slightly to side pulling tendon

Front 83

muscle strain grade 2

Back 83

tendon forms a little bump

Front 84

muscle strain grade 3

Back 84

tendon breaks in half

Front 85

muscle strain grade 4

Back 85

tendon pulls away from bone

Front 86

compartment syndrome

Back 86

any condition in which a structure such as a nerve or tendon is being constricted in a space

Front 87

compartment syndrome ie

Back 87

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 88

sheath or tendon of compartment syndrome

Back 88

sheath or tendon may be enlarged due to disease or inflammation and no longer able to move freely in the compartment

Front 89

assessment (6)

Back 89

degree of pain, circulation/swelling, ROM/mobility, sns inflammation, proper alignment, fever/cbc

Front 90

3 soft tissue injuries

Back 90

contussion, hematoma, laceration

Front 91

contussion

Back 91

injury to soft tissue caused by direct trauma, skin remains intact but bruised

Front 92

hematoma

Back 92

bruise (area of local hemorrhage)

Front 93

note what for hematoma

Back 93

how big it gets, pressure on area

Front 94

laceration

Back 94

where skin is torn

Front 95

osteomyelitis

Back 95

infection of bone disease, often by staph

Front 96

osteomyelitis introduction of

Back 96

infectious organism from soft tissue into bone

Front 97

osteomyelitis often seen with (2)

Back 97

open fractures, operative procedures

Front 98

osteoyeltitis sns (2)

Back 98

inflammation, wound exudate

Front 99

treatment for fracture, strain, bruising, osteomyelitis, etc (4)

Back 99

pain meds, antiinflammatory, antibiotic, cold or heat or PT

Front 100

pain meds

Back 100

start mild and increase if needed

Front 101

antibiotic as

Back 101

prophylactically

Front 102

8 disorders of bone

Back 102

osteoporosis, osteomalacia, anklyosing spondylitis (AS), paget's disease, osteoarthritis, RA, gout, bone tumors