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14 Cards in this Set
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Acquired Neutropenia: Hematological Disorders - Low levels of circulating neutrophils -NEUTROPENIA = <1500mm3 - Drug induced, Chemotherapy, Infections, Autoimmune disorders,Genetic - Systemic: onset usually accompanied by fever, malaise, general weakness & sore throat - Oral: ulceration of oral cavity, oropharynx & throat Isolated necrotic patches in the mucosaAbsence of inflammation due to low numbers of granulocytes - Hemorrhage, necrosis, increased salivation & fetid odor Occurrence of rapidly destructive periodontitis |
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Leukemia (Acute and Subacute): Hematological Disorders -abnormal numbers and forms of immature white blood cells in the circulating blood - widespread infiltrates in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and other body sites - Gingiva a peculiar bluish red, spongelike, friable and bleeds persistently on the slightest provocation - Gingival hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia - In acute leukemia = acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
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Anemia: Hematological Disorders - gingival pallor - tongue (red, shiny and smooth dorsal surface) - atrophy of papillae |
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Thrombocytopenia: Hematological Disorders - decrease platelets - spontaneous bleeding, spontaneous gingival haemorrhage - mucosal surface purpura (petechiae, ecchymoses, vesicles and hematomas) |
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Down Syndrome: Genetic Disorders - Increased numbers of Prevotella intermedia - deep pockets, substantial plaque & moderate gingivitis, usually generalized, more severe in lower anteriors, marked recession, progress rapid, acute necrotizing lesions frequently found - Explanation of Prevalence: 1.) Reduced resistance to infections due to poor circulation 2.) Defect in T-Cell maturation and in PMN chemotaxis |
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Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: Genetic Disorders - Hyperkeratotic skin lesions - Severe destruction of periodontium - usually occur before age 4 - Hyperkeratosis of palms, soles, knees and elbows -Signs > Primary teeth lost by 5 or 6 yrs > Permanent teeth lost by 15 yrs > Extremely thin cementum > No significant alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes & PMN’s > Predominantly plasma cell infiltrate > Considerable osteoclastic activity > Lack of osteoblastic activity > Bacterial microbiota similar to adult periodontitis |
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Diabetes: Not Otherwise Specified - both IDDM & NIDDM = risk factors - Increased susceptibility to infection and host response have been identified as likely factors - Signs > Severe Gingival Inflammation > Acute Gingival or Periodontal Abscesses > Rapidly Advancing Periodontal Disease > Increased attachment Loss and bone Loss - Those who are well-controlled and who maintain excellent oral hygiene are at no greater risk than non-diabetics - Well-controlled diabetics respond as well to periodontal therapy as non-diabetics - Therapy improves not only their periodontal condition but may also improve metabolic control of the disease |
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Agranulocytosis: Hematological Disorders |
- severe form of neutropenia - low levels of circulating neutrophils(< 500 mm3) - generalized painful stomatitis - spontaneous bleeding, and necrotic tissues |
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Lazy Leucocyte Syndrome: Hematological Disorders |
- rare - qualitative and quantitative neutrophil defects - recurrent infectionsoral manifestations (gingivitis, oral ulcerations, rapidly progressive bone loss). |
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Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: Genetic Disorders |
- Deficiency in cell surface integrins - Onset: during or immediately following eruption of primary teeth - Signs > Extreme acute inflammation > Proliferation of gingival tissues > Rapid bone destruction > Profound defects in neutrophils & monocytes > Absence of neutrophils in gingival tissues > Frequent respiratory tract infections & sometimes otitis media (inflammation of ear) > All primary teeth affected but permanent teeth variably affected |
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Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Genetic Disorders |
- Affects organelle production in most cells - Mainly affects melanocytes, platelets & phagocytes - Functional neutrophil defects include: decreased chemotaxis, degranulation, microbiocidal activity - Manifested by recurrent bacterial infections - Also produces partial albanism & mild bleeding disorders - Includes rapidly destructive periodontitis and oral ulcerations |
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Hypophosphatasia: Genetic Disorders |
- characteristics: rickets, poor cranial bone formation, craniostenosis & premature loss of primary teeth (particularly incisors) - Low serum alkaline phosphatase -Teeth lost with no clinical evidence of inflammation - Low cementum formation |
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HIV: Not Otherwise Specified - 5% Of HIV patients develop NUP - PMN activity in HIV clients is hindered - This allows Candida albicans to colonize subgingivally increasing the risk for periodontitis - Results: T-cell counts of less than 200, combined with age >35 = increased the risk for > 3mm clinical attachment loss by more than 600% - Signs: > Linear Gingival erythema > NUP > Advanced Periodontitis with severe bone loss > Candidiasis > Large Intraoral Herpetic Lesions > Hairy Leukoplakia > Kaposi’s Sarcoma |
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Familial and Cyclic Neutropenia: Genetic Disorders |
- Low levels of circulating neutrophils - <1500mm3 - caused by genetics |
