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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Creation of Federalists and Democrat-Republicans |
Created in the 1790s in order to reflect different agendas |
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Nature of Supreme Court Decisions |
Sought to assert federal power over state laws and the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution |
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National v. local concerns |
Diverging economic systems meant that regional political and economic loyalties often continued to overshadow national concerns |
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Southerners defended slavery |
Southerners were prideful of their institution of slavery and believed that the federal government should defend slavery |
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Effects of Second Great Awakening |
Liberal social ideas from abroad, and Romantic beliefs in human perfectibility fostered the rise of voluntary organizations to promote religious and secular reforms, including abolition and women’s rights |
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US Government restricts African American's citizenship |
Despite the abolition of the slave trade, increased amount of free slaves, and emancipation plans, the US and many state governments continued to restrict the rights of African Americans |
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Resistance to democracy and inclusion |
Proslavery arguments, rising xenophobia, antiblack sentiments in political and popular culture, and restrictive anti-Indian policies |
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New National Culture |
Various Americans creating art, architecture, and literature that combined European forms with local and regional cultural sensibilities |
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African American Communities and Strategies |
Created communities and strategies to protect their dignity and their family structures, even as some launched abolitionist and reform movements aimed at changing their status |
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Innovations that extended markets |
Textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, canals, railroads, and the telegraph, as well as agricultural inventions, both extended markets and brought efficiency to production for those markets |
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New Jobs for women and low-skilled workers |
No longer relied on semisubsistence agriculture but made their livelihoods producing goods for distant markets, even as some urban entrepreneurs went into finance rather than manufacturing |
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Effects of Southern cotton growth |
The growth of cotton production and trade promoted the development of national economic ties, shaped the international economy, and fueled the internal slave trade |
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The American System |
Linked North and Mid West more closely than either was linked to South |
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Effects of government's attempt to exploit natural resources |
Promote free and forced migration, ideas about defining and managing labor systems, geographical boundaries and natural resources |
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Effects of canals and new western territories |
Native-born white citizens relocated westward, relying on new community systems |
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Effects of migrants from Europe |
Increase population in East and Midwest, strong bonds of interdependence between N.E and Old N.W |
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Southern distinction |
Remained politically, culturally and ideologically distinct, relying on its exports to Europe for economic growth |
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Effects of Market Revolution |
Widened gap between the rich and poor, shaped middle and working classes, caused separation between home and workplace, transformation in family roles and expectations |
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Reasons that regional interests trumped national interests |
Trump national concerns as basis for political leaders' positions on economic issues including slavery, national bank, tariffs and internal improvements |
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Effects of Louisiana Purchase |
Led Americans into numerous economic, diplomatic and military initiative in West Hemisphere and Asia |
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Methods of dominance over continent |
Including military actions, judicial decisions and diplomatic efforts |
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Debates over expanding border |
About whether to expand and how to define and use the new territories |
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Resistance to government control |
Federal government attempts to assert authority over state that brought resistance from state governments in North and South at different times |
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Missouri Compromise |
Truce over issue of slavery that gradually broke down as confrontations over slavery became bitter |
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Effects of slaveholders' desires to move west |
Depleted land in Southeast, relocated agricultural enterprises, increased sectional tensions and sparking debate about goals, priorities, and strategies |
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War Hawks |
Group of republican congressmen who demanded that the U.S declare war against Great Britain, in British Canada and expel the Spanish from Florida |
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Henry Clay |
Leading American politician and political theorist |
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John Marshall |
Fourth chief justice of the supreme court of the U.S, helped lay basis for U.S constitutional law |
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Judicial Review |
Doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary. May invalidate laws and decisions that are incompatible with a higher authority. |
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Marbury v. Madison |
Helped define the boundary between the executive and judicial branches |
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McCulloch V. Maryland |
Congress no power to bank, but does have ability to tax and spend |
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Gibbons v. Ogden |
Was to regulate interstate commerce, encompassed power to regulate navigation. |
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Hartford Convention |
Was a set of meetings to discuss their grievances concerning the War of 1812 and political problems arising from federal government's increasing power. |
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War of 1812 |
Military conflict, lasting for 2 and a half years fought by the U.S against Great Britain, tried to solve problems left from Revolutionary war. |
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Macon's Bill No.2 |
Was intended to motivate Great Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. |
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Impressment |
Refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and with or without notice. |
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Chesapeake-Leopold Affair |
Strident war calls with Great Britain from U.S., A naval engagement |
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Battle of New Orleans Nation |
Series of engagements fought and was also the final major battle of 1812 |
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Treaty of Ghent |
Peace treaty that ended the war of 1812 between U.S and Britain |
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Lewis and Clark |
First American expedition to cross the now western portion of the U.S, through the continental divide to Pacific Coast |
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Francis Scott Key |
American Lawyer, author and amateur poet, wrote lyrics to National Anthem |
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Era of good feelings |
Sense of national purpose and desire for unity among Americans |
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Sectionalism |
Restriction of interest to a narrow sphere, undue with local interest or petty distinctions at the expense of general well- being |
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Second Bank of U.S. |
Bank handled all fiscal transactions for the U.S government |
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Panic of 1819 |
First major peacetime financial crisis in the U.S followed by general collapse of the American economy |
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Erie Canal |
Effective way to ship bulk goods. First transportation system between East and West |
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Lowell System |
Labor and production model employed in the U.S |
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Industrialization |
The process in which a society or country transforms itself from and agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services |
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Missouri Compormise |
Effort by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. |
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Monroe Doctrine |
U.S foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S intervention. |
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Nativist Party |
Political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. |
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The Frontier |
English colonial settlements, ended with admission of the last mainland territories as states |
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Great Plains |
Broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered in prairie |
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King Cotton |
Slogan summarizing the strategy used during the American Civil War by the Confederacy to that secession was feasible. |
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John C. Calhoun |
Leading American politician and political theorist |
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Battle of Tippecanoe |
Conflict between the Confederacy of Native Indian warriors led by Tecumseh and Wiliam Henry Harrison |
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Eli Whitney |
Invented the cotton gin |
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Nat Turner |
African-American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia |
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Indian Removal Act |
May 28, 1830; allowed U.S. government to remove Native Americans from lands in the Southern US |
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Trail of Tears |
Cherokee nation forced to give up land and migrate to reservations in Oklahoma. The trail had devastating effects on the Cherokee |
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Nullification Crisis |
Sectional crisis during Andrew Jackson's presidency created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification |
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The Liberator |
Abolitionist newspaper created by William Lloyd Garrison |
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Revivalism |
Increased spiritual interest |
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Harriet Tubman |
African-American abolitionist best known for sneaking slaves into the North where slavery was illegal |
