Pathophysiology Chapter 23 (Cardiac Alterations)

Front 1

65-year-old male is diagnosed with
chronic pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which
of the following heart failures should the
nurse assess for in this patient?

Back 1

Right Heart Failure

Front 2

A 22-year-old female just delivered a
healthy baby girl. She suffered from
eclampsia during her pregnancy, and
on the second postpartum day she
complained of bleeding gums and
bruising on her arms and legs.
Hematology lab tests indicate that she
had disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC). Further review of
lab tests by the nurse revealed an
increase in:

Back 2

Fibrin
degradation
products (FDPs).

Front 3

A 25-year-old female has a heavy
menses during which she loses a
profuse amount of blood. Which of
the following adaptations should the
nurse expect?

Back 3

Peripheral
vasoconstriction.

Front 4

A 30-year-old Caucasian female was
recently diagnosed with primary
hypertension. She reports that she
eats fairly well, usually having red
meat and potatoes daily. She also
reports that her father has
hypertension as well. A nurse
determines which of the following
risk factors is most likely
associated with this diagnosis?

Back 4

Genes

Front 5

A 30-year-old female presents to
her primary care provider with
fever, cardiac murmur, and
petechial skin lesions. She is
diagnosed with infective
endocarditis. When the patient
wants to know what caused the
disease, what is the nurse's best
response? The most likely cause of
the disease is:

Back 5

Bacteria

Front 6

A 32-year-old female presents with
lower leg pain, with swelling and
redness. While obtaining the
patient's history, which finding
could have caused her condition?

Back 6

Venous Thrombus

Front 7

A 35-year-old male presents with
pulmonary hypertension. Testing reveals
he is in right heart failure. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis the
nurse will see listed on the chart?

Back 7

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Front 8

A 40-year-old female develops
disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC). Upon obtaining the history, which
finding is the most likely cause of this
condition?

Back 8

Sepsis

Front 9

A 42-year-old female is diagnosed
with constrictive pericarditis. The
nurse assesses the blood pressure
for decreased cardiac output
because of:

Back 9

Fibrosis and
calcification of the
pericardial layers.

Front 10

A 49-year-old male presents to his
primary care provider reporting
chest pain. EKG reveals ST
elevation. He is diagnosed with
myocardial ischemia. Which of the
following interventions would be
most beneficial?

Back 10

Apply oxygen to
increase
myocardial oxygen
supply.

Front 11

50-year-old male is diagnosed with
orthostatic hypotension. Which of the
following symptoms would he most likely
experience?

Back 11

Syncope and
fainting.

Front 12

A 50-year-old male visits the
cardiologist for an EKG. Results indicate
that he has no PR interval and a variable
QRS rate with rhythm irregularity.
Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis to be recorded on the chart?

Back 12

Atrial
fibrillation.

Front 13

A 50-year-old male was admitted to the
intensive care unit with a diagnosis of
acute myocardial infarction (MI). He is
being treated for shock. His
cardiopulmonary symptoms include low
blood pressure, tachycardia, and
tachypnea. His skin is pale and cool. The
primary cause of his shock is most
likely:

Back 13

Decreased
cardiac
contractility.

Front 14

A 50-year-old male with a 30-year
history of smoking was diagnosed with
bronchogenic cancer. He developed
edema and venous distention in the
upper extremities and face. Which of
the following diagnosis will the nurse
observe on the chart?

Back 14

Superior vena
cava
syndrome
(SVCS).

Front 15

A 50-year-old obese male with
hypertension and coronary artery
disease visits a nutritionist for food
counseling. He has an elevated level of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low
level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Which of the following should the nurse
advise him to avoid?

Back 15

Trans fats.

Front 16

A 51-year-old male is at the health
clinic for an annual physical exam.
After walking from the car to the
clinic, he developed substernal
pain. He also reported discomfort
in his left shoulder and his jaw,
lasting 2 to 3 minutes and then
subsiding with rest. He indicates
that this has occurred frequently
over the past few months with
similar exertion. The nurse
suspects he is most likely
experiencing:

Back 16

Stable angina.

Front 17

A 51-year-old male presents with
recurrent chest pain on exertion.
He is diagnosed with angina
pectoris. When he asks what causes
the pain, how should the nurse
respond? The pain occurs when:

Back 17

The myocardial
oxygen supply has
fallen below
demand

Front 18

A 52-year-old female is diagnosed
with coronary artery disease. The
nurse assesses for myocardial:

Back 18

Ischemia

Front 19

A 52-year-old male presents with
pooling of blood in the veins of the
lower extremities and edema. The
diagnosis is chronic venous
insufficiency, and an expected
assessment finding of this disorder
is:

Back 19

Skin
hyperpigmentation

Front 20

A 55-year-old female has undiagnosed
hypertension. She presents to her
primary care provider reporting
impaired vision and chronic edema.
Lab tests reveal that she also has renal
insufficiency. While planning care, the
nurse realizes the most likely cause for
these findings is:

Back 20

End-organ
damage.

Front 21

A 55-year-old male died of a myocardial
infarction. Autopsy would most likely
reveal:

Back 21

Platelet
aggregation
within the
atherosclerotic
coronary
artery

Front 22

A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with
coronary artery disease. Which of the
following modifiable risk factors would
the nurse suggest the patient change?

Back 22

Smoking
cigarettes.

Front 23

A 56-year-old male presents to his
primary care provider for a checkup.
Physical exam reveals edema,
hepatomegaly, and muffled heart
sounds. Which of the following is of
greatest concern to the nurse?

Back 23

Tamponade

Front 24

A 59-year-old female is diagnosed with
left ventricular failure. If a decrease in
kidney perfusion occurs, the nurse
knows this would ultimately cause:

Back 24

Increased
systemic
vascular
resistance.

Front 25

A 60-year-old female had a myocardial
infarction. She was brought to the
hospital 30 minutes later. She survived,
but now the nurse is providing care for
impaired ventricular function because:

Back 25

The resulting
ischemia
leads to
hypoxic
injury and
myocardial
cell death

Front 26

A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with
mitral stenosis. As a result, the nurse
realizes the patient has incomplete
emptying of the:

Back 26

Left atrium.

Front 27

A 60-year-old male presents to his
primary care provider reporting chest
pain. He is diagnosed with
atherosclerosis. This disease is caused
by:

Back 27

Abnormal
thickening
and
hardening of
vessel walls.

Front 28

A 65-year-old female presents to the
emergency department reporting
difficulty swallowing and shortness of
breath. A CT scan would most likely reveal
an aneurysm in the:

Back 28

Thoracic aorta

Front 29

A 65-year-old male experienced loss of
appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin,
liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue
shortly before his death. Autopsy
suggested pernicious anemia, and the
cause of death would most likely reveal:

Back 29

heart failure

Front 30

65-year-old male presents for a routine
checkup. A blood pressure check reveals a
systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg and a
diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of
this type of pressure elevation?

Back 30

Rigidity of
the aorta.

Front 31

A 65-year-old male with a history of
untreated hypertension is now
experiencing left heart failure. A nurse
recalls his untreated hypertension led to:

Back 31

Myocardial
hypertrophy
and
ventricular
remodeling.

Front 32

A 67-year-old female was previously
diagnosed with rheumatic heart
disease. Tests reveal lipoprotein
deposition with chronic inflammation
that impairs blood flow from the left
ventricle into the aorta. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis
recorded on the chart?

Back 32

Aortic
stenosis.

Front 33

A 68-year-old female is experiencing left
heart failure. Physical exam reveals
elevated blood pressure. The nurse
understands this is most likely caused
by:

Back 33

Sympathetic
nervous
system
compensation
for decreased
cardiac
output.

Front 34

A 68-year-old male presents to the ER
reporting chest pain. He has a history of
stable angina that now appears to be
unstable. He most likely has:

Back 34

Impending
myocardial
infarction
(MI)

Front 35

A 72-year-old female has a history of
hypertension and atherosclerosis. An
echocardiogram reveals backflow of
blood into the left ventricle. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis
documented on the chart?

Back 35

Aortic
regurgitation.

Front 36

72-year-old female has a history of
right heart failure caused by a right
ventricular myocardial infarction.
Which of the following symptoms are
specifically related to her right heart
failure?

Back 36

Significant
edema to
both lower
legs and feet.

Front 37

A 73-year-old female has increased
pulmonary pressure resulting in right
heart failure. The nurse should monitor
for a possible complication because a
potential cause for her heart to fail is:

Back 37

Left heart
failure.

Front 38

A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain
and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital
reveal elevated levels of cardiac
troponins I and T. Based upon the lab
findings, the nurse suspects which of
the following has occurred?

Back 38

Myocardial Infarction

Front 39

A 75-year-old obese female presents to
her primary care provider reporting
edema in the lower extremities. Physical
exam reveals that she has varicose
veins. Upon performing the history,
which of the following is a possible
cause for the varicose veins?

Back 39

Long periods
of standing.

Front 40

A nurse is planning care for a patient
in shock. Which principle should the
nurse remember? During shock
states, glucose uptake is usually:

Back 40

Impaired

Front 41

nurse is teaching staff about
endocarditis. Which information
should the nurse include?
Inflammatory cells have difficulty
limiting the colonization of
microorganisms in infective
endocarditis because the:

Back 41

Microorganisms
are sequestered
in a fibrin clot.

Front 42

A nurse is teaching the staff about
disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC). Which
information should the nurse
include? The sequence of events in
DIC is initiated by the release of:

Back 42

Clotting factors
are depleted.

Front 43

A patient wants to know what causes
atherosclerosis. How should the
nurse respond? In general,
atherosclerosis is caused by:

Back 43

Endothelial
injury and
inflammation.

Front 44

Individuals with Raynaud disease need
to be counseled to avoid which of the
following conditions to prevent severe
symptoms?

Back 44

Cold exposure

Front 45

What term should the nurse
document for a detached blood clot?

Back 45

Thromboembolism

Front 46

When a nurse checks the patient for
orthostatic hypotension, what did
the nurse have the patient do?

Back 46

Stand Up

Front 47

When a patient asks the nurse what
is the most common cause of
myocardial ischemia, which
statement is the correct response?
The most common cause of
myocardial ischemia is:

Back 47

Atherosclerosis.

Front 48

When a patient with left heart failure
starts to have a cough and dyspnea,
which principle should the nurse
remember? Pulmonary symptoms,
common to left heart failure, are a
result of:

Back 48

Pulmonary vascular congestion.

Front 49

Which characteristic changes should
the nurse keep in mind while caring for
a patient with left heart failure? As left
heart failure progresses:

Back 49

Left
ventricular
preload
increases.

Front 50

Which of the following findings
in the patient with Raynaud
disease would indicate a need for
further teaching?

Back 50

The patient smokes
cigarettes.

Front 51

While planning care for a patient with
superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS),
which principle should the nurse
remember? SVCS is a progressive _____
of the superior vena cava (SVC) that leads
to venous distention of the upper
extremities and head.

Back 51

Occlusion.