Pathology: Skin

Front 1

Where do primary lesions develop?

Back 1

on previously normal skin

Front 2

What causes a secondary lesion?

Back 2

scratching, infection, treatment or passage of time

Front 3

Describe a macule and name an example.

Back 3

A flat, discolored lesion you can't feel. Involves the epidermis and dermis.
Freckles (changes in pigmentation, not elevation)

Front 4

Hyperpigmentation describes an increase in _____, whereas depigmentation is a loss of ______.

Back 4

melanin
Also note hypopigmentation, a decrease in melanin

Front 5

Mongolian skin refers to a _____ macule. A _____ is a macular birthmark.

Back 5

hyperpigmented (seems like a strange clinical term)
café au lait

Front 6

Increased redness is called...

Back 6

Erythema

Front 7

A ____ is a solid raised lesion (5 mm or smaller) and includes changes in the dermis and epidermis.

Back 7

papule

Front 8

____ is a violaceous, flat topped lesions

Back 8

lichen planus

Front 9

These translucent dome-shaped papules smell like cheese and are contagious.

Back 9

molluscum contagiosa –(viral associated etiology)-

Front 10

What are verruca vulgaris?

Back 10

Warts– flat to convex papules with a rough pebbly surface

Front 11

How big is a nodule? Name some examples.

Back 11

A nodule is a solid, 5-10 mm raised lesion involving the epidermis and dermis.
Examples:
xanthoma – papule or nodule (mb soft or firm) which is yellow- check lipid levels for triglycerides or cholesterol
Tumor – term mb used for large nodules (also used to mean a neoplasm)-greater than 10 mm

Front 12

This skin morphology is a transient, pruritic, raised plaque (urticaria or hives) filled with fluid, and plateau-like in shape. What happens if it is scratched?

Back 12

wheal
The fluid in a wheal is diffusely held in the tissue (opp. of vesicle/bulla)
Dermatographism –raised from histamine, spread if scratched

Front 13

A blister is a common term for _____, a locule of free fluid in one sack in the epidermis.

Back 13

vesicle or bulla
Vesicle - less than 5mm, intraepidermal or subepidermal (junctional)
Bulla – greater than 5mm

Front 14

Matching: Which later of skin is each of the following in?
1. Melanocyte
2. Prickle cell layer
3. Horny layer
Choose: basal cell layer, stratum corneum or stratum spinosum

Back 14

Melanocyte in basal cell layer
Prickle cell layer - stratum spinosum
Horny layer - stratum corneum most superficial

Front 15

What do you call a convergence of annual lesions?

Back 15

annular – round
polycyclic – convergence of annual lesions

Front 16

What is serpiginous?

Back 16

Snake like pattern

Front 17

Imbricated refers to areas of ...

Back 17

clearing in concentric circles

Front 18

Matching:
1. vegetating
2. verrucose
3. onycholysis
4. paronychia
a. inflammation of the skin a djacent to the nailbed
b. breakdown of nails
c. hardened, rough or wart-like
d. soft, spreading mass

Back 18

Vegetating – soft, spreading mass
verrucose – hardened, rough or wart-like
onycholysis – breakdown of nails
paronychia – inflammation of the skin adjacent to the nailbed

Front 19

Neurotic ____ are self inflicted lesions from scratching

Back 19

excoriations

Front 20

What is the term for the skin after soaking in a bath for a long time?

Back 20

Maceration – excoriation dt prolonged moisture where the keratin gets soaked. It is lighter in color.

Front 21

Matching:
1. Telangiectasia
2. Petechia
3. Ecchymosis
4. Lichenification
a. larger subcutaneous hematoma (bruises)
b. dilated, tortuous capillary (blanches with pressure)
c. prominent skin markings that are thick and rough
d. minute hemorrhage – blood in tissue (doesn't blanch)

Back 21

Telangiectasia is a dilated, tortuous capillary (blanches with pressure)
Petechia is a minute hemorrhage – blood in tissue (doesn't blanch)
Ecchymosis – larger subcutaneous hematoma (bruises)
Lichenification – prominent skin markings that are thick and rough-

Front 22

What are four types of pustules?

Back 22

1. folliculitis – infection of the hair follicle (staphylococcus). A type of very small pustule.
2. boil – (furuncle) larger pustule of staph infection
3. carbuncle – furuncle with multiple openings
4. abscess – pus filled space larger than a furuncle

Front 23

What do sebaceous cysts and wens have in common?

Back 23

SEBACEOUS CYST – encapsulated sebum which raises the epidermis where the sebaceous gland enlarges
WEN – large CYSTS of horny material on the scalp, filled with keratin

Front 24

What do you get when you mix a greasy teenager, lipids and keratin?

Back 24

A COMEDONE – enlarged mass of lipid and keratin within a hair follicle
1. "blackhead" – open comedone with oxidized plug
2. "white head" – closed comedone (also called milia)

Front 25

What are the three morphologies of acne?

Back 25

comedones, papules and pustules

Front 26

What are the terms for hair loss?

Back 26

alopecia – general term for hair loss
alopecia areata – loss in a patch
alopecia totalis – hair loss over the entire head
alopecia universalis – hair loss over the entire body

Front 27

_____ is fissuring at the anguli oris

Back 27

cheilosis

Front 28

Striae is linear atrophy. What does this look like?

Back 28

stretch mark

Front 29

____ is increased horny material-excessive amts of keratin (indicitive of scoriasis)
_____ is hereditary "fish scale" dermatitis

Back 29

Scale
Icthyosis

Front 30

A fissure is a type of ____ seen at he angle of the mouth.

Back 30

Erosion- wearing away of or atrophy of dermis found b/t webs of fingers.
Fissure – linear erosion at angles of mouth

Front 31

Matching:
1. Pemphigus
2. Pustule
3. Impetigo
a. A pus filled raised lesion (from papule)
b. A superficial staphylococcus or streptococcal infection with golden crusts and erosions
c. A rare, autoimmune blistering dermatosis

Back 31

pemphigus – a rare, autoimmune blistering dermatosis
pustule – pus filled raised lesion (from papule)
impetigo – superficial staphylococcus or streptococcal infection with golden crusts and erosions

Front 32

What is a plaque?

Back 32

A larger plateau lesion with a flat top