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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Order Siphonaptera
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Fleas
Class Insecta |
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Morphology of Siphonaptera
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(fleas)
small, laterally flattened wingless genal and/or pronotal combs +/- mesopleural rod |
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Feeding habits of Siphonaptera
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obligate blood-feeders
only adults are parasitic both male and females feed |
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Life cycle of Siphonaptera
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Complete metamorphosis
~35 d mate on host, eggs hatch in environ, larvae feed on flea dirt, pupate (induced by vibration/CO2), adult on host |
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Family Pulicidae
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Order Siphonaptera (fleas)
Genera: Ctenocephalides, Pulex, Xenopsylla, Echidnophaga |
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Morphology of Genera Ctenocephalides (felis/canis)
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both genal and pronotal comb
rounded head horizontal genal comb |
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Host distribution of genera Ctenocephalides
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worldwide
dogs, cats; other carnivores and rodents rarely on grazing animals flea remains on host for most of adulthood |
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Disease transmission of genera Ctenocephalides
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Intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum (tapeworm), intermediate host of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (nematode), bio/mech vector of bacteria, possible vector of Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum (FIA), Rickettsia
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Parasitic pattern of Dipylidium caninum
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tapeworm eggs ingested by flea larvae (Ctenocephalides), tapeworm develops in larve, host ingests adult flea, tapeworm released into gut, tapeworm develops to adulthood in host
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parasitic pattern of Acanthocheilonema reconditum
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nematode microfilariae (blood stage) ingested by adult flea from infected host; L1 larvae develops into L3 larva in flea; flea infects new host via salivary transmission
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Morphology of genera Pulex (irritans/simulans)
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neither genal or pronotal comb
No mesopleural rod Rounded head |
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Host distribution of genera Pulex
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more common in low-income, rural areas
dogs, cats, humans, swine, wildlife |
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Life cycle of genera Pulex
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~35 d
only adult is parasitic; adult remains on host for most of life |
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Disease transmission of genera Pulex
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Rickettsia typhii
maybe involved in Yersinia pestis |
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Morphology of genera Xenopsylla
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Neither genal nor pronotal comb
Mesopleural rod rounded head |
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Life cycle of Xenopsylla
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~4-8 weeks
Nest dwellers: remain on host and only leave once host dies to find new host |
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Host distribution of genera Xenopsylla
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rodents, dogs, cats, humans; found along where black rat host is found
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Disease transmission of genera Xenopsylla
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intermediate host for Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana (tapeworms)
Yersinia pestis Rickettsia typhi |
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morphology of genera Echidnophaga
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Angled, flat head
neither genal nor pronotal comb |
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host distribution of genera Echidnophaga
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domestic poultry
worldwide also on rodents, cats, dogs, human |
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Disease transmission of genera Echidnophaga
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forms ulcers on head and neck
potential transfer of Yersinia pestis and Rickettsia typhi |
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Life cycle of genera Echidnophaga
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~4-8 wks
adult females stay attached to single host, forming burrows |
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Family ceratophyllidae
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Nosopsyllus fasciatus (N. rat flea)
Leptosyllus segnis (mouse flea) Cediopsylla simplex (rabbit flea) Orchopeas howardii (squirrel flea) Oropsylla montana (ground squirrel flea; Diamanus montanus) |
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Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)
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mostly dur to Ctenocephalides, Pulex
true hypersensitivity to proteins in adult flea saliva seen in adult comp. animals with previous flea infestation systemic insecticides that need adult fleas to feed are NOT effective |
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morphology of Order Hemiptera
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piercing sucking mouthparts (jointed proboscis anteriorly attached and tucked under)
2 pairs of wings conspicuous antennas |
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life cycle of Order Hemiptera
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incomplete metamorphosis (nymphs, not larvae)
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Family Reduviidae
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Kissing Bugs
of Order Hemiptera |
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distribution of Family Reduviidae
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US, S. America, C. America
12 spp in USA common in TX |
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morphology of Family Reduviidae
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blood feeders; 1 in
leaf-shaped, dorsally flattened white/red marks, thin legs |
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life cycle of Family Reduviidae
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5-12 mo from egg to development
incomplete metamorphosis all 5 nymph stages and adults are blood-feeders nymphs can survive months w/o feeding |
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disease transmission of Family Reduviidae
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Bio vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' dz)
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ID features for adult flies
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host assoc, size, mouth-part type, antennae, wing veins/pattern, bristle patterns
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ID features for fly larvae
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host assoc (some on environ), location on host, shape, spines, tracheal trunks
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mouth parts of flies
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sponging mouth part (need to liquify diet first; mech vectors)
piercing sucking mouth part (blood-feeders; proboscis may or may not actually penetrate) piercing-lapping mouth part (slashing action, blood pools, sponging) |
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Family Culicidae
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Order diptera (flies)
Mosquitoes 3 genera of vet med concern |
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morphology of Family Culicidae
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1/8 - 1/2 inc
long segmented antennae, long piercing-sucking mouth, long legs, wings with scales males have plumose antennae |
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life cycle of Family Culicidae
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complete metamorphosis
lay eggs in stagnant water, larvae (wigglers), 4 molts, pupae (tumblers), adults can mate within 24-48 hrs ~10d total |
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feeding habits of Family Culicidae
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only female adults suck blood
cause annoyance, stress, blood loss, anemia, hypersensitivity |
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lifestyle of genera Aedes
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active at night
lay eggs singly on ground (near flooding), waterline, or tree holes |
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disease trans of genera Aedes
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A. aegypti: Yellow fever in tropics
EEE, WEE, VEE (equine) A. albopictus: Dengue fever Dirofilaria immitis (cats, dogs) Avian plasmodium maybe WNV (equine, humans, avian) |
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lifestyle of genera Anopheles
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active at night
lay eggs singly on still, perm. bodies of water 150-300 eggs/time, 3 times/life, 2-3d after blood meal |
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disease trans of genera Anopheles
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human malaria (plasmodium)
Dirofilaria immitis VEE maybe WNV |
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lifetsyle of generain Culex
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active at night, enters homes, high pitch hum
lay eggs as rafts in high organic matter water |
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disease trans of genera Culex
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Avian plasmodium
Dirofilaria immitis EEE, WEE, St. Louis E **WNV (birds) |
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disease infective cycle of West Nile Virus
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female adult mosquitoes get infxn from infected bird (reservoir), transmit via feeding to other hosts
equine, human are dead-end hosts (can't spread virus) |
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disease infective cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi
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Dogs: dog ingests infected kissing bug, mucous membrane penetration
Humans: infected kissing bug defecates on humans, stercorarian trans (open wound or mucous membrane) |
