Parasit Exam 1: Ticks

Front 1

Amblyomma americanum

Back 1

Lone Star Tick
causes tick worry/paralysis
Kills 50% fawn crop
transmits: Theileria cervi (deer protozoan), Franciscella tularensis, Ehrlichia ewingi (canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis), E. chaffeensis (human monocytic ehrlichiosis), Southern Tick associated Rash illness (stari), Borrellia (lyme disease)

Hint 1

Range: OK, Kansas, and Missouri eastward
3 host tick with broad host range, feed all over body
Larva: birds, rodents
nymphs: same + ruminants and cold blooded vertebrates
adults: all mammals
active in >50F and overwinter in ground litter

Front 2

Amblyomma Varigetum

Back 2

Tropical Bont Tick
lesion often associated with other infections, especially Dermatophilus congolensis (fungus causes lumpy wool disease/sporothricosis), Ehrlichia ruminantium (heartwater disease)

Hint 2

Range: africa, SA, Caribbean *not in US*
3 host tick
immature (L+N): birds
adults: ruminants
Very large tick

Front 3

Amblyomma cajenense

Back 3

Cayenne Tick
can transmit Ehrlichi ruminantium (rickettsia associated with heartwater)

painful bite

Hint 3

Range:South TX to SA
3 host tick, prefers large host but isn't picky, feeds anywhere on body
immatures: birds, coyotes, raccoons, man
adults: all farm animals + javelina
-feed march to may

Front 4

Amblyomma maculatum

Back 4

Gulf Coast Tick
viscious biter that causes "gotch ear"
wounds attract screwworm infestations
horse's economic threshold = 1 tick
transmits E. Ruminantium (heartwater), transmits Hepatozoon americanum (dog protozoan)

treat with pyrethroid ear tags

Hint 4

Range: Gulf/alantic coast as far inward as kansas

3 host tick:
l: sml birds, feeds from Dec-feb
n: birds (Feb-april), sml mammals
a:ruminants (aug-sept)

feeds on pinna of ear of large mmmalian hosts

Front 5

Amblyomma

general characteristics

Back 5

3 host tick
southern or out of country
usually feeds anywhere on body
usually feeds on birds/sml mammals-->then lrg mammals usually
ruminants
large mouthparts-->painful bite

Front 6

Rhipicephalus [Boophilus]

general characteristics

Back 6

one host tick
eradicated from US

Front 7

Rhipicephalus [Boophilus] annulatus

Back 7

cattle fever tick
vector of Babesia bigemina: bovine babesiosis/ TX cattle fever

Hint 7

1 host tick
eradicated from US, found in Mexico, S/C America, Africa, SE Europe
Feeds mostly on cattle, rarely WTD etc
attach everywhere

Front 8

Rhipicephalus [Boophilus) microplus

Back 8

Tropical Cattle Tick

transmits Babesia bigemina +B. bovis: bovine babesiosis (transovarially transmitted)
transmits Anaplasma marginale (cattle rickettsia) transstadially or intrastadially in males
Mexico erradication unsuccessful-> acaride resistant ticks

Hint 8

1 host tick

Front 9

Rhipicephalus decoloratus

Back 9

Babesia bovis, B. bigemia (bovine babesia)
Anaplasma marginale (cattle rickettsia)

*incomplete:see notes online*

Hint 9

geo range: Africa, India, Yemen

host range: ruminants, horses, rarely humans, wild animals: antelopes

Front 10

Rhipicephalus appendicultus

Back 10

theileria parva parva: east coast fever in cattle

*incomplete: see notes online*

Hint 10

geo range: east and central Africa

Front 11

Rhipicephalus

general characteristics

Back 11

in africa feeds on cattle mostly
in US feeds exclusively on dogs

Front 12

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Back 12

Brown Dog Tick
Babesia canis
Babesia gibsoni (canine prozoan)
Ehrlichia canis (canine Rickettsi)

Hint 12

urbn tick in N. America
3 host tick with all 3 stages on dogs
multivoltine (>2 generations/year)
in africa feeds on cattle and other hosts

Front 13

Dermacentor albipictus

Back 13

Winter Tick
Tick worry, hair loss, phantom moose in Canada
Anaplasma marginale (cattle ricketsia)
Babesia caballi (horse protazoan) transovar
tick paralysis

Hint 13

One host tick
active Oct-Mar peak in Nov/Dec
Deer, cattle, horse
axillary, escutcheon, flanks, dewlaps

Front 14

Dermacentor andersoni

Back 14

Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
Anaplasma marginale (rickettsia cattle) transstadially
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsia) man and dog
Colorado Tick fever (virus)
tick paralysis, may kill calves/sml mammals

Hint 14

3 host tick
immatures: small mammals
adults: horse, man, ruminants
most active in Spring

Front 15

Dermacentor variabilis

Back 15

American Dog Tick
most common vector of R. rickettsia (rmsf)
Cytauxzoon felis (cat protozoan)
Potentially: Theileria (babesia) equi and Babesia caballi both horse protazoan

Hint 15

range: eastern 2/3 US inc TX + W. coast
3 host tick
immatures: small mammals
adult: dog, wild cats, man, imm. lrg mammals

Front 16

Dermacentor occidentalis

Back 16

Pacific Coast Tick
anaplasm marginale (ruminant rickettsia)
tick paralysis

Hint 16

3 host tick
adults only stage that normally feeds on horses/cattle
range: pacific coast

Front 17

Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens

Back 17

Tropical Horse Tick
rapid buildup of population
equine ear rick, feed on mane/tail too
primary vector of Babesia caballi (horse protozoan)
cause ear damage, secondary infections may occur

Hint 17

range: south and central America, lower rio grande valley TX, southern Florida
1 host tick
horse, occasionally ruminants

Front 18

Ixodes

general charcteristics

Back 18

anal groove in front of anus

Front 19

Ixodes scapularis

Back 19

black legged Tick
Babesia microti (human protozoan)
primary vector of Lyme disease in North
north: larva-->mice, nymphys-->humans
south: larva-->lizards,nyphys-->humans
Babesia odocoilei (WTD prot)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ricketsia hum/livestock) tick born fever

Hint 19

range: eastern US including East TX
3 host tick w/ 2 year lifecycle
imm: birds/lizards, sml mam, humans
adults: ruminants, horses
body tick, active winter/spring

Front 20

Ixodes pacificus

Back 20

Western Blacklegged Tick
vector of Lyme disease (spirochete)

Hint 20

pacific coast

Front 21

haemaphysalis

general characteristics

Back 21

3 host tick
larva/nymph small rodents/birds
adults: rabbits

Front 22

haemaphysalis leporispalustrus

Back 22

rabbit tick
Franciscella tularensis (bact) tularemia
R. rickettsi RMSF btn rabbits

Hint 22

usually feeds on rabbits but ocasionaly found on cats
feed around ears/eyes

Front 23

soft tick general characteristics

Back 23

mouthparts ventral attached
no scutum
body surface is spiny, knobby or pitted
intermittent feeders that can go years w/o feeding
several nymphal stages w/ molts after blood meals

Front 24

soft tick life cycle

Back 24

similiar to hard tick except multiple molts w/i a stage
majority of soft ticks leave host after each feeding--> only few hours on host
adults take numerous blood meals w/o molting

Front 25

Otobius megnini

Back 25

Soft tick: spinose ear tick
only species found deep in ear canal
-otitis externa/media, head tilt, head butting/shaking
many led to mm. fasciculation and colic signs--> due to tick toxin?

Hint 25

range: SW United States
abberrant 1 host tick only larva/nymph parasitic
adults do not feed, mate off host
only species found deep in ear canal
all domestic mammals

Front 26

Argas persicus

Back 26

Soft tick: Blue bug
severe anemia

Hint 26

poultry, occasionaly other hosts
feed at night
treat nest/bedding-->not host

Front 27

Ornithodorus spp.

Back 27

Soft tick
Relapsing fever, Borrelia spp (spirochete)
Borellia coriaceae--> epizootic bovine abortion in CA

Hint 27

range:western US inc. TX
live off hosts in soil and sheltered areas and can live for years as unfed nymphs/adults
feed on variety of host:bats/birds, rodents, domestic mammals, humans