Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. What is consolidation?
|
a. Describes a healed fracture
|
|
|
2. Define flexum
|
a. Lack or deficit of extension in the range of motion of an articulation
|
|
|
3. Define ORIF
|
a. Open reduction internal fixation (reduction done after opening the skin)
|
|
|
4. What is reduction?
|
a. Action to reposition a deformed limb into anatomical alignment
|
|
|
5. Define a sprain
|
a. Tearing of a ligament
|
|
|
6. Define a strain
|
a. Tearing of a musculo-Tendinous unit (remember with “t” in strain in tendon)
|
|
|
7. What is valgus?
|
a. Deformation of a limb away from the midline (remember with “l” as in lateral)
|
|
|
8. What is varus?
|
a. Deformation of a limb toward the midline (remember “r” as in round
|
|
|
9. What are the ABCs of primary assessment?
|
a. Airway
b. Breathing c. Circulation |
|
|
what is the x-ray rule of 2s?
|
2 views: AP and lateral
2 joints: joint above and below the injured area 2 times: before and after a reduction or manipulation 2 sides: bilateral x-ray of injured and non injured for comparison |
|
|
the bridge that forms between a fracture that is a sign of healing (and must be kept immobile) is what?
|
a callus
|
|
|
how long does fracture consolidation take in a normal adult
|
6-8 weeks
|
|
|
What is ORIF
|
open reduction (bone fragments realigned surgically) internal fixation (immobilized with screws, plates, wires)
|
|
|
there are 3 orthopedic emergencies, what are they
|
CON lesions (Call Ortho Now!)
Compartment syndrome Open fractures Neurological/vascular injuries |
|
|
What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome
|
Pain: out of proportion to the injury despite analgesia
Paresthesia: numbness is first sign of peripheral nerve ischemia palpation: compartment becomes hard and tense in comparison with the opposite side paralysis pallor/pulselessness |
|
|
you should know this, what is the pressure that is considered compartment syndrome
|
>30mmHg
|
|
|
What is a Volkmann's Contracture?
|
a complication of compartment syndrome
fibrous scarring of the tissues causing a loss of function and contracture deformity of the involved muscle group |
|
|
what is a Gustillo Type I fracture?
|
Wound size of less than 1cm resulting from protrusion of a bone spike through the skin
open fracture |
|
|
what is a Gustillo Type II fracture?
|
wound size between 1-10cm resulting from high energy trauma
open fracture |
|
|
what is a Gustillo Type IIIa fracture?
|
wound size over 10cm without periosteal stripping or loss of soft tissue coverage
open fracture |
|
|
what is a Gustillo Type IIIb fracture?
|
wound size over 10cm with loss of soft tissue coverage requiring skin grafting
open fracture (bone damage, periosteal stripping) |
|
|
what is a Gustillo Type IIIc fracture?
|
wound size over 10cm with loss of blood perfusion to the limb
open fracture |
|
|
what is neurapraxia?
|
(sleepy nerve) the nerve conduction is interrupted due to localized trauma to the nerve and surrounding tissues. Axons and myelin are still intact. Recovery can be quick or slow depending on the trauma
|
|
|
what is axonotmesis
|
axons of the nerve are cut, but myelin sheet is intact. 1mm per day growth will occur back to the sheet
|
|
|
what is neurotmesis?
|
axon and myelin sheath were cut at the time of the injury
wound is normally close to the site of nerve injury only treatment is surgical reattachment |
|
|
what type of antibiotic prophylactic treatment do you give for:
Type I/II open fracture In the ER |
Ancef 2g IV stat
|
|
|
what type of antibiotic prophylactic treatment do you give for:
Type I/II open fracture on the ward |
Ancef 1g IV q8h for 3 days
|
|
|
what type of antibiotic prophylactic treatment do you give for:
Type III open fracture In the ER |
Ancef 2 g IV and Gentamycin 2 mg/kg IV stat
|
|
|
what type of antibiotic prophylactic treatment do you give for:
Type III open fracture on the ward |
Ancef 2g IV
Gentamycin 1-2 mg/kg IV q8h for 3 days |
|
|
what type of antibiotic therapy do you give for an open fracture with farm injury or vascular injury in the ER?
|
Ancef 2 g IV
Gentamycin 2mg/kg IV Penicillin 10 million units stat |
|
|
what type of antibiotic therapy do you give for an open fracture with farm injury or vascular injury on the ward?
|
Ancef 2g IV
Gentamycin 1-2mg/kg IV q8h for 3 days Penicillin 10 million units/day for 3 days |
