Orofacial Anatomy Chapter 18

Front 1

The developing human goes through ____ stages

Back 1

3

Front 2

what stage is from fertilization - 2 weeks

Back 2

ovum

Front 3

The embryo stage is from how many weeks

Back 3

3 - 8 weeks

Front 4

The fetus stage is from how many weeks

Back 4

9 - 36

Front 5

Name the three germ layers.

Back 5

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Front 6

Is ectoderm

*middle
*outer

Back 6

outer

Front 7

What is mesoderm

Back 7

middle

Front 8

what is entoderm

Back 8

Inner

Front 9

The features of the face begin to develop at __ weeks

Back 9

3

Front 10

The embryo began as a ___ ___ structure consisting of the three germ layers

Back 10

disk like

Front 11

Disk-like structure develops into an _____ _____ closed at the upper and lower ends.

Back 11

elongated tube

Front 12

The _____ ____ has a spinal cord, brain, and body wall.

Back 12

elongated tube

Front 13

Hollow tube is the future digestive tract and is divided into what 3 parts?

Back 13

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Front 14

is the foregut --- upper, middle, or lower

Back 14

upper

Front 15

Is the hindgut --- upper, middle, lower

Back 15

lower

Front 16

is the midgut --- upper, middle, lower

Back 16

middle

Front 17

Buccopharyngeal membrane is the obstruction between the foregut and _______

Back 17

stomodeum

Front 18

U shaped bars of tissue that open toward and surround foregut and part of primitive oral cavity.
total of 6 arches

Back 18

pharyngeal arches

Front 19

name the upper 2 pharyngeal arches

Back 19

mandibular arch, and hyoid arch

Front 20

what is pharyngeal arch 1

Back 20

mandibular

Front 21

what is pharyngeal arch II

Back 21

hyoid

Front 22

This happens at what week?
- nasal pits
- medial and lateral nasal processes on either side of the pits
- maxillary processes start to grow toward the midline

Back 22

4th week

Front 23

two medial nasal processes and two maxillary processes have formed the
______ ____

Back 23

Upper lip

Front 24

the lateral nasal processes take NO part in forming the _____ ____

Back 24

Upper lip

Front 25

4th week
The nasal pits open into the primitive oral cavity at this time
medial nasal and maxillary processes fuse at lower end known as the ____ ___

Back 25

nasal fin

Front 26

____ ____ forms perforations that allow migration to occur between medial nasal and maxillary processes

Back 26

nasal fin

Front 27

_____ ____ occurs migration fails
separation of medial nasal process and the maxillary process
occurs by the ____ week

Back 27

Cleft lip, 6th week

Front 28

Most often seen on the left side- unknown reason for occurrences
More often seen in boys than girls

Back 28

cleft lip

Front 29

_____ - lack of connective tissue migration (fusion) between one maxillary process with the medial nasal process.

Back 29

Unilateral

Front 30

______ - neither of the maxillary processes fuse with the medial nasal processes

Back 30

Bilateral

Front 31

_____ _____ ______, form small V-shaped wedge of tissue lingual to maxillary centrals and laterals and back to the incisive foramen.

Back 31

Medial Nasal Processes-- under palatal development

Front 32

V-shaped wedge of tissue also known as the _____ _____

Back 32

primary palate --- under palatal development

Front 33

Primary palate begins to develop about ____ to ___ weeks

Back 33

6 1/2 to 7weeks -- under palatal development

Front 34

*Right & Left Maxillary Processes*
Formation of the hard and soft palate (secondary palate) begins at ___-___ weeks with growth of medial nasal processes into primary palate.

Back 34

6 1/2 to 7 weeks

Front 35

*Right & Left Maxillary Processes*
Small ledges of ______ - covered tissue start growing inward from maxillary processes and form the palatal processes or palatal shelves of maxillae

Back 35

epithelium

Front 36

Cleft Palate occurs between the ___-___ week

Back 36

7-11 week

Front 37

______- cleft palate only 1 of 2 palatal processes fuses with nasal septum (oral cavity open to nasal cavity)

Back 37

unilateral

Front 38

______- cleft palate - neither palatal process fuse with opposing process or nasal septum

Back 38

bilateral

Front 39

1:2000 african americans of USA
3:2000 Asians

Back 39

Combined cleft lip and palate

Front 40

Causes of _____
Hereditary factors
drugs
environmental factors
heavy drinkers
heavy smokers
anemia during pregnancy/deficiency in folic acid

Back 40

Causes of Clefts

Front 41

lateral lingual swellings, tuberculum impar, and copula

Back 41

tongue

Front 42

Upward growth of portion of the oral cavity which meets downward growth of a portion of the brain

Back 42

Rathke's Pouch

Front 43

_____ develops from the oral epithelium.

Back 43

Enamel -- dental lamina

Front 44

Dental Lamina

The oral epithelium comes from the embryonic germ layer known as the _____

Back 44

ectoderm

Front 45

More than 6 teeth missing _____

Back 45

oligodontia

Front 46

fewer than 6 teeth missing _____

Back 46

hypodontia

Front 47

as the concavity of the deep part of the cap grows even more pronounced it now becomes known as the ____ ____

Back 47

Bell Stage

Front 48

In the bell stage there will appear 4 layers known as the _____ ______

Back 48

stratum intermedium

Front 49

The bell stage with its stratum intrmedium comprises several layers of flattened squamous cells lying between the IEE and the _____ ______

Back 49

Stellate Reticulum

Front 50

which of the 3 germ layers forms the, spinal cord, skin structures, special senses.

Back 50

Ectoderm

Front 51

Which of the 3 germ layers forms all connective tissue, muscular, skeletal circulatory and lymph.

Back 51

Mesoderm

Front 52

inner germ layer of an embryo that forms the epithelial lining of of organs such as the digestive tract, liver, lungs, and pancreas

Back 52

entoderm

Front 53

At ____ weeks buccopharyngeal membrane breaks down between forgut and stomodeum and connection is made between future oral cavity and digestive tract.

Back 53

4 1/2 weeks

Front 54

_______ membrane, is the obstructin between the foregut and stomodeum, the double layered membrane that separates primitive mouth from developing pharynx.

Back 54

Buccopharyngeal

Front 55

______ large intestine descending colon

Back 55

hindgut

Front 56

______ throat to duodenum, forms pharynx and digestive organs

Back 56

forgut

Front 57

_______, small intestine, cecum, blind pouch that forms the first pouch of the large intestine ascending colon most of transverse colon.

Back 57

Midgut

Front 58

Median palatine cyst found at midline of the 2 palatal _____

Back 58

shelves

Front 59

the ____ arch will form nothing and the 4th and 6th arch are poorly developed

Back 59

5th

Front 60

_____ process, form most of the maxilla and the palatine bones (hard palate, zygomatic bone).

Back 60

Maxillary

Front 61

_____ process, form the mandible

Back 61

Mandible

Front 62

* nasal pits
* medial and lateral nasal processes on either side of the pits

Back 62

4th week

Front 63

Maxillary processes start to grow toward the midline.

Back 63

4th week

Front 64

In the ___ & ___ week maxillary processes fuse w/ primary palate and then with each other 1st in anterior region and then move backwards like a zipper completed by the 11th week

Back 64

7th and 8th

Front 65

_____ _____ forms anterior part of pituitary gland- master gland of the body and pars intermedia

Back 65

Rathke's Pouch

Front 66

Downward growth forms posterior pituitary - ____ ___

Back 66

Rathke's Pouch

Front 67

First signs of tooth development are seen during the ___ embryonic week

Back 67

6th

Front 68

At this time the embryonic oral epi stratified squamous begins to thicken

Back 68

6th week

Front 69

Embryonic downgrowth of oral epithelium that is the forerunner of the tooth germ.

Back 69

Dental lamina

Front 70

At about the ___ week there is 10 areas of thickening in the maxillary dental lamina 10 areas of thickening in the mandible

Back 70

8th week

Front 71

this is the first stage in the development of the enamel organ that forms the enamel of the teeth.

Back 71

enamel organ

Front 72

Poor development of structures arising from ectoderm, for example, skin, eyes, nails, hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands, facial structure, and teeth (old man syndrome)

Back 72

Ectodermal dysphasia

Front 73

It is a group of cells from the dental lamina of the oral epi that is projecting down ingot the underlying connective tissue.

Back 73

Enamel organ

Front 74

____ ____ epi, outermost part of the structure of the cap stage

Back 74

Outer enamel

Front 75

_____ _____ epi, the cells that outline the concavity in the deepest part of the cap stage. These cells are continuous with the outer enamel epi.

Back 75

Inner enamel epi

Front 76

_____ _____, originate from the superficial layers of the oral epi. ectodermally and epithelially derived middle layer of the enamel organ. it serves as a cushion for the developing enamel

Back 76

Stellate reticulum

Front 77

____ _____- 4th developing layer of the enamel organ; responsible for aiding ameloblasts nourishment.

Back 77

stratum intermedium

Front 78

protective layer for the entire enamel organ. will later play a role in attaching the gingival to the tooth.

Back 78

OEE

Front 79

change and become responsible for the formation of enamel (ameloblasts)

Back 79

IEE cells

Front 80

____ ____- cushioning layer protection and nourishment for the IEE cells.

Back 80

Stellate Reticulum

Front 81

help provide nourishment for IEE cells and produce protein nourishes ameloblasts.

Back 81

Stratum intermedium.

Front 82

____ ____
- arises from mesoderm
- located next to the IEE
- first seen in the late bud stage
- forms the dentin and the pulp

Back 82

Dental Papilla

Front 83

_____ ____
- Surrounds part of the dental papilla and part of the enamel organ
- arises from mesoderm
- forms the cementum, perio ligament, and some of the alveolar bone
- often called dental follicle

Back 83

Dental Sac