Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Closed system means... |
All the blood and nutrients stay inside tubes. |
|
|
A mammalian/Avian heart is made up of... |
4 chambers, Right and left Atrium, and Right and left Ventricle. Essentially each side alternates pumping the blood through. |
|
|
Give the differences between Cystolic and Diastolic blood pressures |
Cystolic is at work, Diastolic is at rest. |
|
|
Typically _____________ have higher blood pressure |
Endotherms |
|
|
Cardiac output = ? |
Heart rate x Stroke volume Literally the AMOUNT of pushes times the VOLUME of what it's pushing. Pretty self explanatory. |
|
|
Describe the area and velocity of blood moving through the system. |
With the aorta, the area is small but the velocity fast. When the blood reaches the capillaries, the area broadens immensely but the velocity slows down incredibly. Then we return to the original state for the veins. |
|
|
Describe the STRUCTURE of veins vs arteries. Relate it to the pressure of blood flow through them. |
Arteries are much thicker and stronger, whereas veins are wispy and weak. This is why the pressure going through the veins is much lower than the arteries. |
|
|
Describe the structure and function of the microcirculatory beds. |
The arteriole is vasoconstricted and vasodilated in order to change blood flow. The small tube joining the arteriole and venule is called the AV anastomosis, which can open and close to regulate flow. |
|
|
What's the lymphatic system? |
It's a peripheral system that carries "lymph" which is like white blood cells.
|
|
|
Fish circulation is...
|
Only one cycle continues around! Fish have really low blood pressure |
|
|
What's myocardium? Tell me everything you know about the different kinds and specific when they are found in fish |
Myocardium is a muscle in the heart that helps pump! Most fish will use a SPONGY myocardium, which increases gas exchange in the heart. BUT when you have fish that migrate really far, they've evolved to have compact myocardium. This is probably because they don't need the extra help transferring gas.
|
|
|
Crocadylians use? |
Right-Left shunting. This is a way to regulate air flow in the lungs.
|
|
|
Cephilapods use? |
Closed circulatory systems with two BRANCHIAL hearts and one systemic heart.
Branchial hearts branch off to the gills, while the systemic heart feeds out to the entire body. |
|
|
Invertabrates have closed and open circulation. How do those with open circulation work?
What do their hearts look like? |
Haemolymph is pumped by a heart which enters sinuses that bathe the tissues. Invertibrates with open systems hearts' have one chamber. |
|
|
Invertabrates with open circulation can/cannot be compared to endotherms/ectotherms because resistance is very high/low. |
Can, ectotherms, low. This is how bugs can fly. |
|
|
Describe the mammalian heart |
4 chambers. 2 artia are very thinly walled, while the 2 ventricles at the bottom have thick walls (deal with more pressure) |
|
|
Using the proper terms, describe the cardiac cycle. |
It starts with ventricular diastole, which lets blood flow into the ventricles. Atrial systole active shoves it. Ventricular systole shoves it back up, followed by ventricular diastole, back at the top. |
|
|
Quickly give a spheal about how volume, pressure and flow are all related in a chamber of the heart (use atria as an example) |
When pressure is high, we know that atria are in systole. This tells us that there will be HIGH atrial outflow and a very LOW atrial volume. |
|
|
Describe how hearts can beat without any nervous input. |
Hearts beat without any nervous input as cardiomyocytes are electrically connected through intercalated discs. As ions flow across the membrane, it makes a tissue pulse. The electrically connected tissues next to it follow suit, and so on and so forth. |
|
|
What's the AV node and what's it's job? |
In the wiring of the heart, the atria and the ventricles are electrically isolated from one another. When the SA (shot caller) in the atria needs to say something, the AV node is the one who transfers that message down to the ventricles, and then back up again. |
|
|
What's the SA node and what's it's job? |
The SA node is the node in the heart that begins depolarization. This is what essentially instructs the heart to contract. |
|
|
What's a neurogenic heart? Name a species that has one. |
A neurogenic heart is a heart with many neurons in it that control the pulsing of the heart. A lobster has a neurogenic heart. |
