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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the DRI for carbohydrates? |
130 g/day for adults between 19 and 30 years of age |
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What are hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) symptoms? |
-Clammy -Shakiness |
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What are monosaccharides composed of? |
Single carbohydrate units: Glucose, fructose and galactose |
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What is Lactose composed of? |
Glucose and Galactose |
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What happens when there are not enough carbohydrates to be metabolized for energy? |
When there are not enough carbohydrates available, fat is metabolized, resulting in the formation of ketones |
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What are symptoms of lactose intolerance |
-Stomach pain -Bloating |
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When are ketones formed and what forms them? |
Ketone bodies are created when fatty acids are broken down for energy when sufficient carbohydrates are unavailable. They are intermediate products of fat metabolism |
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What does the glycemic index assess? |
How much one food item is going to raise your blood glucose |
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What does the glycemic load consider? |
The total glycemic index effect of a mixed meal or dietary plan (How much the WHOLE meal will raise the blood glucose) |
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Does high sugar intake cause diabetes mellitus? |
No. There is no relationship between high sugar intake and the increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Once the disorder is confirmed ppl are counseled to restrict their intake to keep blood glucose levels under control |
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What is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? |
Obesity |
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Does sugar consumption by children produce hyperactivity or attention deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? |
No there is no relation between consumed sugar and hyperactivity/ADHD |
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Do all sweeteners/products contain aspartame have a warning label? |
Yes because individuals with PKU should not consume aspartame (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) because their bodies cannot break down excess phenylalanine, resulting in buildup that causes medical problems |
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What would you want to have for someone with Phenylketonuria (PLU)? |
-An individualized diet plan -Careful monitoring |
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What are fat-soluble nutrients/vitamins? |
A, D, K, and E |
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What is linoleic acid? |
The main member of the omega-6 family. The final double bond at the sixth carbon from the omega end of the chain |
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What is linolenic acid? |
The main member of the omega-3 family The first double bond at the third carbon atom from the omega |
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What would give you an increased risk for CVD when considering Cholesterol? |
High LDLs and low HDLs (HDLs help to remove cholesterol from the cell, bringing it to the liver for disposal) |
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What is the major culprit that raises blood cholesterol? |
Too much food fat (dietary triglycerides), particularly saturated fats (Too much saturated fat=bad) |
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How many kcal per gram does Olestra provide? |
0 kcal/gram
Olestra is a fat replace made in the lab that binds fatty acids to sugar in a nontraditional way so that enzymes in the digestive tract are not able to break away the fatty acids |
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What are EAAs and NEAAs? |
Essential amino acids and Nonessential amino acids |
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What are the 2 highest-quality and most complete protein food? |
EGGS and human milk |
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What are some of the best food sources for incomplete proteins? |
Grains and legumes |
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What is Protein efficiency ratio (PER)? |
Weight gain divided by protein intake A method for assessing protein quality- Rats are fed a set amt of protein, and then, on the basis of weight gain, the physiologic value of the food protein consumed is determined |
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What is Kwashiorker? |
Malnutrition caused by protein deficiency even though adequate energy is consumed. Swollen belly and full cheeks are caused by edema |
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Which vitamin is the only vitamin created by the body? |
Vitamin D |
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What is Thiamin? |
B1 |
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What are good food sources of Thiamin? |
Lean pork, whole or enriched grains and flours, legumes, seeds, nuts and meats |
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What is Thiamin deficiency known as? |
Beriberi -It alters the nervous, muscular, gastrointestinal, (GI) and cardiovascular systems -Characterized by ataxia (muscle weakness/loss of coordination), pain, anorexia, mental disorientation, and tachycardia |
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What is Riboflavin deficiency? |
Cheilosis Lips become swollen and cracks develop in corners of the mouth |
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What is Niacin deficiency disorder? |
Pellagra -Characterized by Dermatitis, Dementia and Diarrhea |
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Why was Pellagra common in the 1900s in the southern United States among the poor? |
They're diets were mainly corn-based and the niacin in corn is a bound form unavailable for absorption. Many people had such a limited intake of protein food that neither tryptophan nor preformed niacin were available (Corn is low on niacin and tryptophan) |
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What is a good source of Folic acid (Folate)? |
Spinach |
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Why is Folic acid (Folate good) for pregnancy? |
It prevents neural tube defects- especially spina bifida |
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What is the main deficiency of B12? |
PERNICIUOUS ANEMIA (From lack of intrinsic factor for vitamin b12 absorption) and megaloblastic anemia (From related folate dysfunction) |
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What is a good source of all Vitamin B? |
Whole grains and cereal |
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How is Biotin produced? |
The human body does not produce Biotin. Bacteria hosted in the gut does. |
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Which vitamin does wound healing require? |
Vitamin c |
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What destroys Vitamin C? |
-Air -Light -Heat |
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What is Vitamin A measured as? |
Retinol activity equivalents (RAE) |
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What are good sources of Vitamin A? |
Liver, deep green vegetables and spinach (Natural preformed vit a is found only in the fat of animal-related foods: whole milk, butter, liver, egg yolks, and fatty fish Carotenoids are found in deep green, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables) |
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What is a big deficiency for Vitamin A? |
Xerophthalmia -Incorporates a range of problems, from night blindness progressing to a hard dry cornea (keratinization) or keratomalcia, resulting in complete blindness |
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What does toxicity of Vitamin A occur from? |
It can only occur from supplements. Hypervitaminosis A occurs only from preformed vitamin A from either a short or long term intake of supplements |
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Can Vitamin D be stored in the body? |
Yes. Vitamin D is the only vitamin created by the human body. Because of that it is technically a hormone and can also be stored in the body |
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What is a disorder from the deficiency of vitamin D? |
Rickets due to insufficient mineralization of bone and tooth matrix. In children, leads to malformed skeletons, characterized by bowed legs unable to bear body weight, oddly angled rib bones and chests, and abnormal tooth formation |
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What is Vitamin D toxicity? |
High intakes of vitamin D can result in hypercalcemia (high Ca level in blood) and hypercalciuria (high Ca level in urine) which affects kidneys and may cause cardiovascular damage |
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What is a main function of Vitamin E? |
Protects integrity of the lungs |
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What is the main function of Vitamin K? |
Coagulation. Vitamin K is a cofactor in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors |
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What are primary food sources for Vitamin K? |
Dark leafy green vegetables (lester amts found in dairy, cereal, meats and fruits) |
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What is the role of nurses when it comes to nutrition? |
Educating the patient on proper nutrition and strategies |
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What are good sources for Vitamin C? |
Citric fruits, strawberries, red and green peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, and other green leafy vegetables |
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What is a good source of Vitamin D? |
Ultraviolet light or sunshine |
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Where is the most water found: Intracellular fluids, Interstitial fluids, or Extracellular fluids? |
Intracellular fluids (within the cell) |
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What are the functions of water? |
-Provides shape and rigidity to cells -Helps regulate body temperature -Acts as lubricant -Cushions body tissues -Transports nutrients and waste products -Acts as a solvent -Provides a source of trace minerals -Participates in chemical reactions |
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What are characteristics of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)? |
-Infrequent urination -Decreased skin elasticity -Dry mucous membranes -Dry mouth -Unusual drowsiness -Lightheadedness or disorientation -Extreme thirst -Nausea -Slow or rapid breathing -Sudden weight loss |
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If someone is working out or doing strenuous physical activities what would be a recommendation you might make to them? |
To increase fluid intake |
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If someone was lactose intolerant what would be a good source to get Calcium from? |
Broccoli |
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What is a good source of calcium? |
Small fish with bones (Sardines and salmon canned with processed edible bones) |
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What kind of patient would you want to reduce sodium for? |
One with hypertension and CHF |
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Do can foods have more or less sodium in them? |
More. Processing of foods, particularly quick-serve foods, often adds substantial amounts of sodium |
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What is the most accurate method of determining nutritional value for foods? |
To look at the package label. Nutritional labeling information is powerful information that allows comparison between products |
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What would be an important question to ask your patient that is on a sodium restriction diet? |
How they prepare their food. Do they add salt? Etc. |
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What are good sources of potassium? |
Bananas, oranges, other fruits and vegetables, dairy products, legumes Whole unprocessed foods, white potatoes with skin, sweet potatoes, tomatoes |
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What is a function of Iron? |
Distributing oxygen throughout our bodies Oxygen depends on the iron in the hemoglobin of red blood cells to to bring oxygen to all cells |
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What is one way Iron can be lost? |
During hemorrhage (Also through shedding of tissue cells in urine and sweat and when bleeding occurs) |
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What is a way to increase iron absorption? |
Iron is better absorbed if taken in conjunction with Vitamin C -Increased absorption of iron occurs when dietary sources are consumed with foods containing acerbic acid (vitamin C) |
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What is Pica? |
An unusual behavior associated with iron deficiency -Characterized by a hunger and appetite for nonfood substances, including ice, cornstarch, clay and even dirt |
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What can Pica cause? |
-Poisoning -Malabsorption -Fecal impaction |
