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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What physical signs might an adolescent notice when she suspects pregnancy? |
- Amenorrhea - implantation spotting - Darkening of areola's - polyuria - tender swollen breasts - taste change - metallic taste - morning sickness - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin levels (HCG - present in urine in a urine pregnancy test. also present in blood test. - ultrasound can date and confirm pregnancy |
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What reasons might an adolescent have for late disclosure of pregnancy? |
- adolescent may confuse signs of pregnancy with pre menstrual symptoms - adolescent may be in denial about pregnancy - adolescent may be afraid to disclose pregnancy |
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Ethical and legal role of nurse for adolescent late disclosure of pregnancy |
- the nurse focuses on the health and well-being of the adolescent and baby. - the nurse much establish the circumstances of the pregnancy and issue around consent. - nurse must discuss the living environment and support networks that will be available to mum and baby so baby can be sent home to safe environment. - in community setting nurse should have access to HCG test strips. - important to collect accurate sexual history of adolescent in order to identify risk behaviours and any social issues. |
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legal and ethical role of the nurse for adolescent pregnancy |
- legal issues - issues of consent, age of partner, mandatory reporting |
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what growth and development factors considered in adolescent pregnancy |
adolescents are : - still transitioning into adulthood still finding their own identities still dependent on parent/gaurdians |
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Nurse role for helping an adolescent pregnancy |
- counselling - some professional support may be required - education depending on decision of the adolescent surrounding the baby - options eg. adoption, abortion. (if consult during pregnancy), keeping the baby, foster care - referrals |
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What Assessment is required for a four day old neonate? |
- a head to toe assessment - weight - baby will normally loose up to 7% of body weight within first week of life but then should be gaining wait thereafter. - length - baby should be growing - head circumference - peripheral circulation - feeding - baby's colour (jaundice) - reflects - sucking, rooting, grasp, startle reflex, plantar, babinski, step. - eyes - hydration - check umbilicus for any signs of inflammation/infection |
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What is regarded as appropriate feeding and sleeping patterns for a newborn? |
- A four day old infant will feed on demand - stomach size of the newborns clenched fist hence will feed regular - crying is a method of communication e.g.. hungry cry - breast is best but if unable to formula bottle feeding should commence and be educated on how to clean and sterilise bottles. - baby's will wake regularly for feeds and to be expected - all baby's are different but texts say neonates should be sleeping between 16-19 hours per day - baby's should not sleep in bed with their parents - consider SIDS education and prevention |
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role of rural remote nurse providing health promotion education and mother craft alice to an adolescent mother and baby. |
-A new mother will require education, reassurance and support as well as mother-craft nursing : - bathing the baby safely and in appropriate water temperature - breastfeeding support or education on bottle cleaning and preparation - baby sleeping arrangements and education on SIDS prevention - nutrition and post natal self care for mum - nurse may also have to organise financial support for adolescent - education on contraception - give parents confidence and reassurance they are capable of caring for their baby - building a routine - support/help lines |
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Whats important about maternal immunisation status? |
- important fro a women planning on becoming pregnant to be up to date with immunisation to prevent any diseases e.g. hooping cough to be passed on to baby once born. - optimally a women should be checked and immunised at least 28 days before trying to fall pregnant - live vaccines are contraindicated once pregnancy is confirmed but inactive vaccines can be given if necessary - discussions should be had about benefits and risks e.g. flu vaccine etc. as pregnant women are high risk of complications from infections |
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what information do mothers need with regards to immunisation of infants? |
- education regarding importance of immunisation needs to be given - mother needs to be informed of Australian immunisation schedule - discuss concerns regarding side effects and myths reported. e.g. leads to autism etc. - discuss possible increased risks with regards to immunisations e.g. rotavirus vaccine increases risk of intersucception. - discuss benefits of immunisation including health of Australian children with preventing child hood diseases - discuss booster pertussis vaccines for parents and grandparents. |
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What increased nutritional needs may be required for an adolescent mother? |
- an adolescent girl has almost reached her full height at menarche which biologicaly means she is able to conceive and carry a child. - between ages of 13-19 the adolescent continues to mature cognitively and somewhat physically which places a burden on the adolescent for healthy nutritional choices and sharing those nutrients between the pregnant adolescent and growing fetus as well as breast feeding child and adolescent. - continued development as well as the need for iron bioavailability places the adolescent mother at risk of malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, folate deficiency and anemia. - education on healthy food choices is important in order for mum to keep up her nutritional requirements. - may need supplements to help - advice should include: - diet rich in protein -low GI carbohydrates - minimising processed foods -minimising junk and fast food - drinking plenty of water. |
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What factors predispose adolescents to depression and poor mental health? |
suicide leading cause of death amongst adolescents. Many factors can predispose adolescents to poor mental health and depression: - genetic influences - low socioeconomic status - family violence/abuse - social/economic/ educational pressures - bullying - poor sleep - Adolescents need more sleep but are getting less due to their responsibilities (school, work, other commitments) - pressure to succeed. - unemployment. |
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What is the effect of anti-deppresant medication on an unborn child/ neonate? |
-although anti depressant may pose risk for the baby, stopping them may pose risk to mum - Zoloft is one of the safest antidepressants during pregnancy, but should only be continued if the benefits out weigh the risks. - there are currently new advancements in antidepressant medication with less side effects than SSRI's - not enough research/evidence to suggest risks although some studies have noted respiratory depression in the newborn. - infants exposed to SSRI in-utero have a higher risk of developing: - persistent pulmonary hypertension, feeding problems, cyanosis, apnoea, seizures and respiratory distress. - discussions should be focused on alternative options if safe otherwise maintaining health of mum important. - baby exposed to SSRI during pregnancy may exhibit withdrawals at week 6 -Research suggest that a breast feeding infant is far less exposed to Zoloft concentrations through breastmilk than through the placenta. -as Zoloft has a predictable peak, guide breast feeding mothers to fed baby prior to taking dose then wait until medication concentration is at its lowest and feed again. |
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What developmental markers would you expect to see in a well 6 week old neonate? |
- baby begins to recognise mum and dad - baby begins to smile and coo - baby is awake and alert between naps - baby can support head when placed on belly. - a routine is usually established by week 6 |
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what is important about family support and functioning for an adolescent mother with a newborn.? |
- support during pregnancy and labour is paramount to positive outcomes for mum and baby - studies have shown good support has the following benefits: - lower caesarean rates - lower epidural requests - shorter labour - less use of analgesia - increased maternal satisfaction - less forceps use. - support can be from adolescent's mother, partner, friend or anyone whom she chooses and has a good relationship with. - family support is even more important once the baby arrives as the adolescent mother continues to grow and develop. - pregnancy is usually not planned - social stigma surrounding the event may be negative - the mother is pressured to change negative habits (smoking) - financial and social dependance - factors such as education and future prospects must be considered. |
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Role of rural remote nurse when caring for an adolescent mother and her baby with history of antenatal depression? |
- mother will require risk assessment to ensure se is safe for herself and the baby. - formulate nursing care plan that includes: - referral to services - referral to an appropriate mothers group - encourage excersise - encourage to pursue hobbies - discuss medication treatment plan in collaboration with mothers doctor if required - discuss the importance of nutrition and encourage a healthy balanced diet. - discuss continued use of medication - reassurance that most mothers would feel anxious - extra support services may be needed - important phone numbers should be accessible - access to help and support for ATSI in rural areas needs to be considered including things like internet access and phones. - the support of aboriginal elders is important to the people living in these communities |
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How might illicit drug toxicity present in a breast feeding infant? how would you address the issue? |
- Although only 1-2% of the drug concentration is found in breast milk and to to the unpredictability of the metabolism of these drugs it is recommended that mothers who continue illicit drug use should be discouraged from breast feeding. -due to ethical dilemma's minimal data is available on the exact effect different levels of illicit drug use has on the breastfed infant but may present with the following: marjuana - lethargy, failure to thrive Cocaine - irritability, frequent demand feeding Amphetamines - Irritability Heroine - Neonatal Narcotic dependance. Mothers should be counselled and educated about the harm to their babies as well as they ability to care for their babies whilst under the influence of these drugs . - support should be arranged as well as monitoring to ensure the safety of the infant. |
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What are the principles of the pap smears and their relationship to sexual and reproductive health? |
pap test is a cervical screening test that detects precancerous cells in the endocervical canal. - any abnormalities detected is usually followed by more sensitive testing. all women who are sexually active should be screened every 2 years.
- during a pap test a speculum is used to widen the vaginal opening and allow access to the cervix. cells are then scraped with a spatula from the outer cervix and smeared onto a glass slide and sent to pathology for testing. - letter is usually sent out informing the results of the pap smear. - a pap smear should not be painful unless there is a pre existing condition that causes discomfort. - early detection is key in reducing mortality rates cervical cancer. |
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What is the character of a womens menstrual cycle post birth? |
-in initial period post birth the women will shed the lining of the uterus through bleeding which may last up to 6 weeks - the character of the bleeding starts off bright red and may have clots but then becomes pink then brown then yellow then white. - A womens menstrual cycle begins when she is ready to start ovulating again. - non lactating women will normally ovulate 6 weeks postpartum allowing them to become pregnant again. some women will ovulate earlier than this. |
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What is the relationship between breastfeeding and contraception? |
- contraceptive methods need to be discussed and the women will need to be educated with regards to protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections - many women use the lactation amenorrhea method fro contraception. this method relies on three factors to support infertility: - infant must solely be breastfed - the infant is under 6 months - there must also be an absence of menorrhea. - this has been successful contraception for many women however there is never a 100% guarantee and it does not prevent against STI's - women should be counselled on various methods of contraception in a timely manner so as to equip them with informed decision making capabilities. |
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What are signs and symptoms of STI's particularly Chlamydia? |
- unusual vaginal bleeding after interourse - pain during intercourse - offensive vaginal discharge - flu like symptoms - genital sores, rash or unusual lumps and growths. -Chlamydia is initially asymptomatic for several weeks. despite lack of symptoms it may cause permanent damage to reproductive system. - it presents with abnormal vaginal discharge and dysuria abdo pain, spotting or bleeding after interocurse. - if detected early through a urine test or swap can be easily cured - if left untreated can cause pelvic inflammatory disease as it spreads to the cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes and can cause infertility. treatment for PID and Chlamydia includes antibiotics. |
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role as nurse in rural setting in providing information to a new adolescent mother regarding sexual and reproductive health |
- integral role, often first access point to services before specific referrals and recommendations. - nurse needs to play significant role in prevention through support and education - must be resourceful in information access as this poses the most significant challenge. - has responsibility in educating the adolescent mother about family planning and carious contraceptive options. important to take a multifaceted approach in order to engage the adolescent and encourage compliance. ongoing care is necessary for continuity. |
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what measures might be suggested to promote and protect ongoing sexual and reproductive health to an adolescent mother. |
- mother should be given information on protecting herself from sexually transmitted infections - mother should be encouraged to have regular pap smears - should be given options on different forms of contraception considering whether or not she will continue to breastfeed or not. - educated about when to seek medical advice if concerned about symptoms that may suggest a STI - should be referred to appropriate services for further counselling and support. |
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What are Australian triage categories? |
Category 1 - must be seen immediately - cardiac/respiratory arrest. Category 2 - must bee seen within 10 minutes - respiratory risk/ severe localised trauma/ major fracture. Category 3 - must be seen within 30 minutes - moderate limb injury/ her injury with brief LOC Category 4 - must be seen within 60 minutes - minor limb trauma /vomiting/ diarrhoea no dehydration Category 5 - must be seen within 120 minutes - minor wounds/immunisations |
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what category would a 4 year old who fractured their femur following a fall be under and why? |
triaged into category 2 or 3 dependant on pain level and x - ray results and type of injury as well as other factors |
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What is included in a set of vital signs fro a 4yr old child and how would you conduct your assessment? |
Neurovascular observation - colour - warmth - movement - sensation -capillary refill - pulse if accessible. Base line vital signs - temperature - pulse - Respiratory rate - BP (BP's are only undertaken in certain instances. if it does not add value to ur assessment then you should take it and distress the child who may not cooperate with the assessment ) - SpO2 - elevated Vitals can be attributed to pain and anxiety - decreased BP due to blood loss and shock - children are often anxious and may not cooperate in allowing the assessment to take place, make approach to the child in calm confident and friendly manner with an initial no touch assessment. undertake as much of your assessment visually if you can -you can allow child to play with the equipment - you can also involve the parents in the child's assessment - its important that trust is built in establishing a therapeutic relationship so never make promises you don't intend to or cannot keep. |
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How would you assess pain in a 4 yr old child? |
- type and severity -location of pain, position of affected limb Pain scales - OUCHER -WONG BAKER - face scale _ Numeric - FLACC -observation of behaviour/interaction. |
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what would the appropriate pain management be for a 4 yr old child. |
pain relief severe pain - strong opioids e.g. morphine with or without non opcodes moderate to severe pain - mild opcodes eg codeine with or without non opioids. mild ot moderate pain - non opioids e.g. aspirin, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs NSAIDS or paracetamol. non pharmacological methods - distraction -television -games - favourite songs - favourite toys - lollies/ treats. |
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What are treatment options for a 4 year old child with a fractured femur? |
- pain relief - immobilisation - limb assessment/ neuromuscular observation - X- ray - preparation for surgery - LAMP, GAMP, ORIF. - distraction therapy - preparation of family for hospital admission |
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what information should you give parent about fracture |
- should receive information on plaster care and have OT and physic referral for care of child at home with hip spica. |
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What is the nurse's role in caring for a child and their family whilst in hospital. |
essential family entered care. - information dissemination - developmental and cognitive assessment - assessment of child/ family e.g. family history, observe family interactions - reassurance/ answering questions - child advocate - concerns should be addressed through information and support - involve family in any care activity possible - encourage one parent to room in. |
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What immediate post op care is required for a child after fracturing her femur. |
Airway assessment is always most important for all post operative patient as well as levels of consciousness then further to this: - vital signs - neuromuscular observations / plaster care - pain assessment. |
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what are the normal growth and development expectations of a 4 yr old how would you assess this? |
- BMI - growth charts, MCH - developmental assessment - denver or milestone assessment - look at gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, psychosocial - nutritional assessment - play observation - family interaction. |
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what are long term effects of separation anxiety on a 4yr old child? |
- positive bonds between children and their primary carer had positive attachment and behavioural outcomes in adulthood - positive traits include: - having emotional expressions that are social acceptable - having effective relationships with their peers - developing acceptable social skills - developing intuition of other peoples emotions - ability to share - developed of socially acceptable behaviour e.g. non aggressive and anti social behaviour - ability to have close friends - possess likability from other people. children who experience separation anxiety can develop anxiety disorders and it can also have an impact on ability to form important relationships and partnerships. it can also result in emotional detachment. |
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how does the nurse determine if a child's bruising is normal? |
- shape, location and size - normal bruises appear on bony areas such as shins, elbows, forehead. - bruises around torso, buttocks especially those with distinct shapes should be investigated. - colour should not be used to determine age of bruises because bruises age differently on different parts of the body and on different people. - normal skin discolourations should be ruled out before suspicions are acted on - rule out any haematological disorders that cause bleeding. |
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what's the nurses role when concerned about family interactions that may indicate an abusive family environment. |
risk assessment should always be undertaken to maintain your own and others safety. - support - source information - remain unbiased and non judgemental - education - child advocate - the health and well being of child takes priority - accurate and comprehensive documentation. |
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what is the nurses role in caring for the family under suspicion of child abuse/neglect? |
the nurse must maintain a therapeutic relationship with the family as the investigation takes place. it is important to maintain the child's best interest throughout. - gathering ACCURATE information - effective communication - mandatory reporting - maintaining an ethical & social responsibility - accurate documentation - objective observation and documentation - children who are in immediate danger may have an emergency court injunction that makes them wards of the state until further investigations/arrangements can be made. |
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What is the impact/effect of hospitalisation on a 4 yr old child? |
on the child: - change - withdrawal - loss of appetite - poor sleeping heightened fear & anxiety due to : -seperation from family - unfamiliar environment - anticipation of painful procedures - strangers in strange clothes. Developmental - children who are hospitalised can miss out on normal development encouraging activities: - playing involving gross motor, fine and social play Social - schooling encourages normal social development. - lengthy hospitalisation can affect this |
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what is impact/effect of hospitalisation of a child on the family? |
on families: - disruption in family routine - sibling issues with attention & jealousy - family dysfunction - relationship issues sometimes leading to separation. - financial implications as parents maintain constant vigil at child bedside - stress on relationships - grief Financial - hospitalisation ca add a financial burden to families - single parent, one income families in particular - the costs of hospitalisation can also have an effect, travel, parking, fast food etc. change of roles and responsibilities - different family members especially siblings and grandparents Siblings - depending on age and sometimes gender of sibling extra responsibilities may be expected, -siblings may feel resentful - grandparents may have to take on a primary career role. |
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What is the importance of play for a 4 year old? |
- assists in developmental assessment through play activities - can act as a distraction to negative hospital procedures - play activities are undertaken in a manner that is free from potential injury - children learn through play and it is familiar activity. - respite for parents and also therapeutic involvement for parents. |
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what are the recommended nutritional guidelines for 4 yr old children particularly those with injury? |
According to nutrition australia children 4-8 yrs should be consuming daily - 4.5 Vegetables and legumes - 1.5 fruit - 4 grains (cereal) - 1.5 lean meat/fish/poultry/eggs/nuts/seeds/beans - 1.5 milk/yogurt/cheese and alternatives |
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what discharge education should you provide to a family of a 4 yr child with regards to fracture and ongoing care? |
- plaster care - what to look for - swelling, increase pain, change colour - mobility - hygiene - planned follow up e.g. doctors /physio - home assessment OT -nutritional advice - hip spica plaster care |
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what discharge information and education would be pertinent to parents to prevent further injuries? |
growth and development stages: - depending on age of child types of risk assessment will differ - cognitively , toddlers and preschoolers will not have full balance and will hence fall frequently where as adolescents may engage in risk taking behaviours - adequate supervision and education prevention home injury : - specifically child proofing home - looking at other areas of home that may require child proofing - professional assessment and advice - child safety consultants may be able to do a home visit and assessment for a price |
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What are common injuries for a 4 yr old child? |
In the home: - falls, burns, abrasions, poisons, drowning At preschool - falls, cuts In the playground - swings, slide head injury and falls in the community - MVA, pedestrian accident , drowning, sports. |
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pathophysiology of bone development in children? |
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What are causes/triggers of asthma episodes in children? |
-change of weather -cold -allergens, dust, pollens - cigarette smoke - viral infection - pets - anxiety - mould -pollution. |
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what is the nurses role in relation to asthma assessment/management in children? |
nurse should conduct an accurate assessment and data collection including: - triggers - history - severity - peak flow nurse will then actively educate and empower child and his mother with an effective management plan |
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how does the nurse determine the severity of asthma in a 10 yr old child? |
a paediatric respiratory assessment involves: inspection - through visual assessment determine childs: - colour; - mental status ( responsive, lethargic, crying, unable to talk) - respiratory rate - work of breathing and accessory muscle use ( substernal, intercostal, tracheal tug, nasal flaring) - hydration status ( is child mottled) Auscultation - using stethoscope to listen to all quadrants of thoracic cage ( T1-T2) - in pattern of an s shape anteriorly and posteriorly. - document the sounds ( wheeze, crops, crackles, silent chest, diminished air entry, clear, Palpation - asses vital signs: - temperature - pulse - respiratory rate - SpO2 and spirometry interview - ask how often they are taking ventolin, how often they wake up at night coughing, if asthma is significantly affecting their daily activities degree's of severity - intermittent - mild persistant - moderate persistent - sever persistent. |
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what is the nurses role in relation to growth and development assessment of children in community setting? |
- presentation o a child into services is important opportunity to assess important milestones child should be meeting? - community setting means variety of patients from all ages - nurses must be familiar with expected findings regarding growth and developments fro particular ages - nurse is an advocate hence responsible for recognising deviation from the norm and referral services - nurse must also understand ethical and legal consideration when caring for a child. |
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what are expected findings of a growth and developmental assessment for a well 10 yr old child. |
-increased strength and muscle coordination - logic and problem solving thinking processes although somewhat remain concrete e.g. only concerned with what is real and justified by the senses' - friendship development - language development involving more complex thinking and writing - enjoy group activities - start noticing the opposite sex although really enjoy best friends company of same sex - starting to separate from fulling depending on primary care giver. |
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what are some of the predisposing risk factors of asthma? |
babies born prematurely by more than six weeks may present with a condition called neonatal respiratory distress (RDS) - this is due to lungs entering extra uterine environment before full maturation. - lungs are unable to produce surfactant which causes lung collapse and respiratory distress. - family history of asthma - genetic links - a hospital admission as an infant with bronchiolitis can also indicate child ay develop asthma. |
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what type of asthma medication are available for use in children? |
- inhalers, nebulisers, oral steroidal anti - inflammatory's - inhalers or "puffers" come under three categories: - relievers - preventers - symptom controllers. -the reliever medication is used PRN. indicated severity depending on the use: children less than 6 = 6 puffs during an exacerbation children more than 6 =12 puffs - preventers are only prescribed in certain cases of asthma - symptom controllers are longer acting then relievers and should be used with preventers to manage a moderate to severe asthmatic - severe - magnesium sulphate, aminophylline, iv, salbutamol, iv methlyprednisolone blue puffer is usually reliever medication -quick acting , short lasting bronchodilator e.g. ventolin white puffer is a longer lasting symptom reliever -usually used in actor exacerbation and acts as a bronchodilator - e.g. atrovent puffers that are autumn colours are preventers or symptoms controllers -some are beta agonists some are corticosteroids = - acts to reduce bronchiole sensitivities hence reducing the number of asthma episodes. |
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what is a spacer and why/how is it used? |
a spacer is a device that makes administration of inhaled asthma medication easier and deliver more to the bronchioles - also prevents the side effects of inhaled mediations - two main types are the volumetric and brea-a-etc. -spaces are now smaller and there are disposable ones the use of the spacer is appropriate for young children as they will not be able to coordinate breath to puffer technique. a larger amount of the inhaler reaches the lungs. the use of the space reduces risk or side effects such as oral thrush. |
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what is nurse responsibility one education a 10 yr old and his family with regard to asthma management. |
school age children are moving towards independence, empower child to manage their own asthma. - compliance is essential and negotiating a plan that promotes healthy lifestyle is important - give child an asthma diary to record episodes and how often his reliever is used. accessing his severity - make sure patient has all the right equipment required to manage symptoms and educated on how to administer medication properly - educate family, school, sports coach on effective asthma management and what to do in emergency - |
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what are psychosocial effects of asthma management on a 10 yr old child. |
asthma is leading cause of absence amongst school age children which affects their academic performances and psychosocial development and engagement. - as they reach an age where peer acceptance is a significant milestone in they development, presenting with an illness might attract negative peer attention will contribute to non complaisance. - nurse should discuss alternatives to volumatic spacer - educating peers may contribute to acceptance and compliance. |
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What are the psychosocial effects of asthma management on a ten yr old child? |
- asthma is leading cause of absences amongst school age children which affects their academic performance and psychosocial development and engagement. - age where peer acceptance is significant milestone in their development, presenting with an illness that might attract negative peer attention will contribute to non compliance. - nurse should discuss alternatives to volumetric as there are smaller spacers available now. may relate to others he looks up to who has asthma, famous people, coach etc. educating patricks peers may also contribute to acceptance. |
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what should school, teacher and coach know with regard to the care of a child with asthma? |
- asthma action plan for each child with asthma. - educate all students as to when to seek help if they see someone having an asthma attack - teacher should have basic idea of technique and required dosing in an exacerbation - asthma action plan and management - educate self and other staff - CPR - Emergency numbers - Expiry dates - spacer use and care. |
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How are asthma episodes prevented? |
- recognise and remove triggers when possible - proper management with regard to excercise - proper use of medication - education - compliance - community nurse review. |
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what are current recommendations for nutrition/meal plan for a 10 yr old child |
- 6-9 servings for a 9-11yr olds from the bread, cereals, rice, pasta noodles group - there is an allowance of about 20-25g a day for poly or monounsaturated fats and oils that can be used to spread on breads or rolls. - 3 servings from vegetable, legumes group - 1 serving of fruit - 3 servings from milk, yogurt, cheese group - 1 serving from the lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts and legumes group. |
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what is the role of nutrition in asthma episode prevention? |
- sulphites contained in many foods can trigger asthma - also avoid alcohol fats, salt and sugar - balanced diet from all food groups - healthy diet pyramid - improves immunity - obesity - full stomach can cause pressure on diaphragm - avoiding dairy food is a myth - mediterranean diet can reduce asthma episodes. |
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what alternative therapies are available for the management of asthma? |
- acupuncture - yoga - salt caves - homeopathy - nutritional supplements - breathing exercises massage - |
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what is important about immunisation for asthma episode prevention? |
- conflicting findings. some studies show that the flue vaccines prevents a major asthma trigger (viral infection) other studies say flu vaccine can trigger asthma episode. - vaccines prevent illness that can trigger asthma - vaccines may contain products that trigger asthma - viral illness are the leading cause of asthma exacerbation hospital admissions in australia. - the flu vaccine is an intuitive that encourages vulnerable members to receive this preventative measure in order to avoid serious health complications associated with the flu |
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role of primary care nurse in culturally inclusive asthma education and management ? |
-after consultation and education to child and family should be equipped and empowered to manage the asthma at home and school. - everyone caring for child should be educated and equipped to manage an episode - everyone caring for child should have an action plan - culturally inclusive care involves care free of judgement and working with the families to improve outcomes for the child. - there are multilingual fact sheets available and interpreter services for those who cannot read and write - child can also be involved in educating and supporting people who care for him. - there are programs designed to bring asthma management and education into the home hence reducing emergency presentations and hospital admissions. |
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