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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiration |
The process by which energy stored in sugars (carbohydrates) such as glucose is released to cells is called respiration |
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Photosynthesis |
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water |
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Photosynthesis in plants |
Generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and occurs within the chloroplast of the plant |
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What are Enzymes? |
Proteins that function as biological catalysts |
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Homeostasis |
Maintenance of a stable internal environment. |
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Intracellular fluid |
Fluid on the inside of cells |
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Extracellular fluid |
Fluid that is external to the cell |
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Phenotype |
The outward expression of the genotype |
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Characteristic of phenotype |
The trait you can see like eye color, hair color, and height. |
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Homeostatic mechanisms |
Function throughout the body to keep the chemistry of the body fluids constant and to maintain various structures of the body |
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What is one method of keeping homeostasis |
Maintaining a stabilized pH |
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Commonly discussed phenotype traits? |
Earlobes being attached versus detached, the ability to roll your tongue, having a hitchhiker’s thumb and also widows peak |
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What are enzymes affected by? |
Both change in temperature and changed in pH |
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What is a very important component of an enzyme |
The active site |
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What is a substrate |
In a reaction where an enzyme is being used the substance that is being acted upon by the enzyme |
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What are the characteristics of enzyme |
Very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions, they speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. |
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Isotonic |
The inside of the cell and the outside of the cell have the same concentration of water molecules |
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Living cells |
The cell is the basic biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells often called the building blocks of life” the study of cells is called cell biology. |
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Prokaryotes |
Cells have no nucleus |
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Eukaryotes |
Cells have a nucleus |
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Mitosis |
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical ordinary tissue growth. |
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Four phases of mitosis |
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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Meiosis |
Meiosis is the process of cellular division for sex cells |
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How many chromosomes die humans have |
23 (22 pairs are autos ones and 1 pair sex chromosomes) |
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The process by which the sex chromosomes divide |
Meiosis |
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What does meiosis result in |
It is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
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How many phases does meiosis have? |
Fours phases but undergoes each two times known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II |
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What are the phases of meiosis |
Prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase |
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What is heredity? |
The process of passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
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What does heredity determine |
What genes and traits are passed on from parent to offspring |
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What do monohybrid crosses determine |
Genetic probabilities where only one trait is considered |
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Genotype |
Represents the generic makeup for an expressed gene. Genes are expressed as either dominant or recessive |
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What are research articles |
Journals help us understand scientific findings about health disease and biological processes |
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What role do scientists play in research articles |
They performed all of the steps of scientific method for a specific problem and written in detail all the information they found. |
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Researchers role in research article |
Write about their work are critical to progressing science |
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What is a requirement of the scientific method |
Precise data collection is done through accurate measurement. Grams, microliter, millimeter, centimeter, kilogram are examples of how measurements can be taken |
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Diffusion/Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane |
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Hypotonic |
The concentration of water is greater outside a cell |
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Hypertonic |
The solution has a higher sat concentration that’s the cell has |
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What is the scientific method |
The process of utilizing the scientific method consists of six major things |
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Observation |
Observing things about science problems biology |
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Question |
From those observations we generate new questions to ask about biological issues |
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Hypothesis |
A hypothesis is known as and educated guess hypothesis is rigged by thinking and reasoning about what you think you may observe from your scientific question |
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Experiment |
Derive experiments that will test your scientific question |
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Data |
Collect and record the data from the experiments |
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Conclusion |
Based on the data you gather what information have you concluded about your experiment or scientific question |
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Microscopy |
The technical field of using microscopes to view objects and area of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
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What is the most common microscope used in 101L |
Compound microscope |
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Compound microscope magnification |
4x 10x 40x and 100x |
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What do compound microscopes allow you to see |
Bacteria, plant stems and pets , blood cells and all kind of other components of biological material that can be seen with the naked eye |
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What are alternative forms of microscopy |
Dissecting microscopes and an electron microscope |
