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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the 4 plexuses: Cervical Brachial Lumbar Sacral |
Cervical - C1 to C4 Brachial - C5 to T1 Lumbar - L1 to L4 Sacral - L5 to S4 |
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AP movement in motor neurones AP movement in sensory neurones |
Upper motor neurone to lower motor neurone Visceral afferent or primary afferent to second order neurone |
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How many spinal nerves (and there divisions) |
31 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
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Sensory axons pass into the ______ root, rootlets and horn |
Posterior |
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Motor axons pass from the _____ horn, root and rootlets |
Anterior |
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Spinal nerve is located only in the |
Intervertebral foraminae |
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Sensory neurones have their cell bodies located in the |
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) |
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Sympathetic outflow is from |
T1-L2 |
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Where are lateral horns only located? |
T1-L2 (sympathetic outflow) |
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Signs of Horner's syndrome |
Ipsilateral ptosis (eyelid drooping) Ipsilateral miosis (pin point pupil) Ipsilateral reduced sweating |
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Where do presynaptic parasympathetic nerves leave CNS? |
CN III, VII, IX and X and via sacral spinal nerves |
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Extrinsic back muscles |
Latissmus dorsi Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids (major and minor) |
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Intrinsic back muscles |
Erector spinae (superficial) Transversospinalis (deep) |
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Muscles of abdominal wall (superficial to deep) |
External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis |
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Extension of the spine is a function of |
Intrinsic back muscles |
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How many vertebrae? |
34 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal |
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What vertebrae do not have an intervertebral discs? |
Between C1 and C2 Fused sacrum/coccyx bones |
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Ligaments of spinal cord and function (5) |
Ligamentum flavum - connect adjacent lamina posterior to spinal cord Anterior longitudinal ligament - attaches to anterior aspect of vertebrae, prevents over extension Posterior longitudinal ligament - attaches to posterior aspect of vertebrae, prevention over flexion Supraspinous ligament - between TIPS of spinous processes Interspinous ligament - between surfaces of spinous processes |
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Atlanto-occipital joint is a ______ joint |
Synovial joint |
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How many joints are between the atlas and axis? And where? |
3 joints: 2 between articular facets 1 between arch of atlas and odontoid process of axis |
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Where does the spinal cord begin and end? |
C1 to L2 |
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Lumbar nerve dermatomes |
L2, L3 and L4 |
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Great auricular nerve dermatomes |
C2 and C3 |
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Supraclavicular nerve dermatomes |
C3 and C4 (innervates shoulder tip and also diaphragm) |
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What nerves supply T1-T11? What nerve supplys T12? |
Intercostal nerves Subcostal nerve |
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Supply to lower anterolateral wall? |
Iliohypogastric (superiorly) and Ilioinguinal (posteriorly) |
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Why is cardiac pain sometimes felt in arm? |
Visceral afferents from the heart connect at T1 and T2 (arm dermatomes) |
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Which cranial nerve connects to the pons? |
Trigeminal (V) |
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Muscles supplied by trigeminal |
Temporalis Masseter Medial and lateral pterygoid Tensor veli palatini |
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Function of chorda tympanii |
Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue Parasympathetic to sublingual and submandibular glands |
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Visceral afferent function of glossopharyngeal (IX)? What muscle does it supply? |
Visceral afferent to carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors Stylophargyngeus |
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How does accessory nerve attach to spinal cord? |
Cervical spine anterior rootlets |
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Describe the 5 layers of the scalp? |
SCALP Skin Connective tissue Apaneurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium |
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Which artery courses deep to the pterion? |
Middle meningeal |
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What connects the third and fourth ventricles |
Cerebral aqueduct |
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Foramina of Munro connects |
Lateral ventricles (right and left) with third ventricle |
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Which nerve is affected by uncal herniation of the brain? |
Occulomotor (fixed and dilated pupil) |
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Function of ependymal cells |
Line ventricles |
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Function of astrocytes |
Support, maintaining BBB, homeostasis |
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Function of microglia |
Immune monitoring |
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Equivalent of gyrus in cerebellum |
Folium (plural folia) |
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Components of lentiform nucleus |
Putamen Globus Pallidus |
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Name of end of spinal cord |
Conus medullaris |
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In the spinal cord, the white matter is divided into |
Fasiculi (anterior, posterior, lateral) |
