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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what grade are most meningiomas? what characteristic finding do you see on imaging studies?
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- most are grade I
- see dural-tail |
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what do you see at a microscopic level for meningiomas?
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- Whorls (whirling nature of tumor cells)
- nuclear pseudoinclusions - psommoma bodies (round collection of calcium) |
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what are nuclear pseudoinclusions and where do you see them?
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- the are cytoplasm pressing into nuclei so they look like they're in the nuclei
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what is the prognosis for a meningioma and how do you treat it?
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- good prognosis
- treatment is total surgical resection |
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what grade are pilocytic astrocytomas? what populations are they in? what do they look like?
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- WHO grade I
- in children in cerebellar regions - well defined lesion with cystic component & solid mural mass |
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what does a pilocytic astrocytomas look like microscopically?
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- "pilocytic" - hair-like cytoplasmic processes
- Rosenthal fibers: dense brightly-eosinophilic structures - biphasic growth pattern: dense fibrillar hypercellular areas with hypocellular areas |
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where do you see biphasic growth patterns, pilocytic processes & rosenthal fibers?
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- pilocytic astrocytoma
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what is the prognosis for pilocytic astrocytoma & treatment?
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- usually good prognosis
- treatment: total surgical resection |
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what grade is diffuse low-grade astrocytoma?
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- WHO grade II
- infiltrative growth pattern - NO CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT (just do T2 weighted image) |
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what does diffuse low-grade astrocytoma look like microscopically?
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- elongated nuclei
- positive immunochemistry with GFAP |
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where do you get a positive GAP immunochemical stain?
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- diffuse low-grade astrocytoma
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what is the prognosis for diffuse low-grade astrocytoma?
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- if left alone, tends to increase in aggressiveness over time
- recurrence can progress to high grade tumor |
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what grade is glioblastoma? what population does it occur in? what do you see on imaging studies?
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- WHO grade IV
- occurs in adults over 50 - on imaging studies: central necrosis, rim ehancement, "butterfly" appearance |
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what is a butterfly appearance and what tumor has that?
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- glioblastoma
- means the tumor crossed the corpus callosum |
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what does a glioblastoma look like microscopically?
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- hypercellular, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures
- psuedopalisading necrosis - microvascular proliferation |
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which tumor do you see pseudopalisading necrosis & microvascular proliferation?
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- glioblastoma
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what is the prognosis for the glioblastoma?
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- poor prognosis, approximate survival is 18 months
- gross total resection, chemo, radiation therapy |
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what grade is oligodendroglioma? how does it present? what do imaging studies show?
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- WHO grade II
- presents with longstanding history of headaches & seizures - non-enhancing mass with calcifications |
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what do you see microscopically with oligodendroglioma?
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- see round cells with peri-nuclear halos ("fried-egg")
- calcifications - delicate vascular network |
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what gene is oligodendroglioma associated with better chemo for? How do you treat it?
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- good prognosis
- 1p/19q co-deletion associated with better response to chemo - treat with surgical resection |
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what grade is ependymoma? what populations do you find it in? how does it present? what do imaging studies show?
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- WHO grade II
- children & young adults - present as increased ICP - imaging studies show intraventricular mass also in spinal cord |
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what does ependymoma look like microscopically?
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- ependymal rosettes & perivascular psuedorosettes - the rosettes are perivascular
- oval shaped cells |
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what is the prognosis and treatment for ependymoma?
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- prognosis is ok, but bad if don't fully resect - they may seed into ventricular system
- treatment: total surgical resection |
