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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what do hypothalamic projections to limbic structures do when it is hot?
- limbic structures give you the drive to do something about being so hot - turn on AC, take cold shower, etc
what are the divisions of the hypothalamus and what do they contain?
- anterior region: preoptic & supraoptic

- tuberal region: above pituitary stalk

- posterior region: mammillary body
what are the circumventricular organs? what is an example of one?
- organs outside the blood brain barrier (have fenestrated capillaries)

- median eminence
how does the hypothalamus control the autonomic nervous system?
- descending tracts - this is why it makes sense that in lateral medullary or pons syndromes you hit the descending symapthetics you get horners
where do parasympathetic tracts descend in the hypothalamus? sympathetic?
- parasympathetic = anterior

- sympathetic = posterior
what does the preoptic & anterior hypothalamus do to autonomic nervous system?
- decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure (parasympathetic)
what does lateral & posterior hypothalamus do to autonomic nervous system?
- increase heart rate, increase blood pressure (sympathetic)
where does the hypothalamus synapse for the autonomics?
- descend to parasympathetic preganglionics in craniosacral region

- descend and synapse on the IML of spinal cord containing sympathetic preganglionics
what does magnocellular secrete? from what nuclei? which pituitary does it work on?
- secrete oxytocin & vasopressin from paraventricular & supraoptic nuclei

- acts on posterior pituitary
what is the parvicellular system (humoral)? which pituitary does it work on?
- uses fenestrated capillaries in median eminence to send releasing & inhibiting factors

- regulate AP
what else is the magnocellular system called? what do these hormones do?
- neurohypophyseal system

- vasopressin: water resorption by kidney

- oxytocin: milk letdown, uterine contraction, pair bonding
what are the axons carrying releasing & inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus referred to as?
- tuberoinfundibular or tuberohypophyseal tract
what is the lactation reflex?
- afferent = neural to supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei

- efferent = hormonal release of oxytocin
what are the 5 releasing or inhibiting hormones coming from the hypothalamus?
1) LHRH
2) GHRH
3) SST
4) CRH
5) TRH
what is in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus?
- temperature regulation, male sexual behavior, parental response, sexual dimorphic nucleus
what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
- clock of the brain - day/night - receives input from the retina
the anterior & preoptic area are important for what? posterior is important for what? (with regards to heat)
- anterior & preoptic are important for heat dissipation (sweating & cutaneous dilation)

- posterior is important for heat conservation (vasoconstriction & shivering)
what is the ventromedial & lateral ares of the hypothalamus?
- ventromedial: satiety center

- lateral: feeding center
what happens if you lesion the ventromedial nucleus? what happens if you lesion the lateral nucleus?
- ventromedial: end up with obese animal

- lateral: end up with anorexic cat with no drive to eat
what happens with decreased leptin levels?
- increased orexigenic peptides - stimulate feeding behavior (via lateral hypothalamus)

- decreased metabolism (inhibit ACTH & TSH to slow metabolism)
what happens with elevated leptin levels?
- stimulation of anorexic peptides to inhibit feeding (inhibit lateral hypothalamus)

- increased metabolism via ACTH & TSH to increase metabolism
lesions in the mammillary body result in what?
- Korsakoff's syndrome

- confabulatory amnesia - associated with poor diet & alcoholism