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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the different layers of the cortex?
- I: molecular layer
- II: external granule layer
- III: external pyramidal layer
- IV: internal granule layer
- V: external pyramidal layer
- VI: polymorphic layer
what does layer I look like?
- molecular layer

- lots of axons
what does layer II look like?
- external granule layer

- very densly populated with neurons
what does layer III look like?
- external pyramidal layer

- contains pyramidal cells
what does layer IV look like?
- internal granule layer

- thin layer with lots of neurons
what does layer V look like?
- internal pyramidal layer

- contains large pyramidal cells
what does layer VI look like?
- polymorphic layer

- contains large fusiform-shaped pyramidal cells
Laminar structure is not uniform throughout the cortex. _______ cortex is dominated by large pyramidal cells. _______ cortex is dominated by small cells.
- Agranular (motor)

- Granular (sensory)
what layer does thalamic sensory & relay nuclei come in?
- layer IV: internal granule layer
what layer does intrathalamic nuclei come in?
- layer VI: polymorphic layer
what layer does intracortical input come in?
- layers II/III (external granular & external pyramidal layers)
what layer projects to other cortical areas?
- layer III (external pyramidal)
what layer projects to the seriatim, brainstem & spinal cord?
- layer V (internal pyramidal)
what layer projects to the thalamus?
- layer VI (polymorphic layer)
what are association vs commissural fibers?
- association stay within the same hemisphere

- commissural project from one hemisphere to the other
what does the anterior commissure do?
- connects temporal lobes
what is the superior longitudinal fassiculus? what does it contain?
- connects frontal with posterior

- contains the arcuate fascicles which connects regions of brain involved in generation & comprehension of language
what is the cingulum?
- forms nearly complete circle from cingulate to parahippocampal gyrus
what is the amygdalofungal pathway?
- connects amygdala with thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, brain stem, septal nuclei & nucleus accumbens
what does it mean that the cortical columns are microcircuits?
- they synapse on each other and on themselves & can all be connected so excited at same time & can receive input from thalamus & integrate information
small cortical areas are organized as _____________. Within each of these there is a _________.
- columns

- microcircuits
what is the retinotopic map?
- a form of topographical organization of the visual thalmus inputting into the cortex
what is the directional sensitivity of the visual columns?
- some neurons are activated when light patterns move a certain way
what part of the cortex is activated during facial recognition?
- fusiform gyrus

- we think it is a "top down" approach
what happened to the guy who's vision was lesioned at 3.5 then replaced later in life?
- he could tell motion & lines, but he couldn't figure out depth, and relationships

- this is because he missed critical period where specific connections developed
how do you do single cell recordings?
- very rare, can do when having brain surgery for epilepsy

- USE DEPTH ELECTRODES
what does fMRI look at?
- looks at oxygenated vs unoxygenated blood - can see changes in blood flow

- BOLD = blood oxygen level dependent