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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the different layers of the cortex?
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- I: molecular layer
- II: external granule layer - III: external pyramidal layer - IV: internal granule layer - V: external pyramidal layer - VI: polymorphic layer |
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what does layer I look like?
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- molecular layer
- lots of axons |
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what does layer II look like?
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- external granule layer
- very densly populated with neurons |
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what does layer III look like?
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- external pyramidal layer
- contains pyramidal cells |
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what does layer IV look like?
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- internal granule layer
- thin layer with lots of neurons |
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what does layer V look like?
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- internal pyramidal layer
- contains large pyramidal cells |
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what does layer VI look like?
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- polymorphic layer
- contains large fusiform-shaped pyramidal cells |
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Laminar structure is not uniform throughout the cortex. _______ cortex is dominated by large pyramidal cells. _______ cortex is dominated by small cells.
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- Agranular (motor)
- Granular (sensory) |
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what layer does thalamic sensory & relay nuclei come in?
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- layer IV: internal granule layer
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what layer does intrathalamic nuclei come in?
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- layer VI: polymorphic layer
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what layer does intracortical input come in?
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- layers II/III (external granular & external pyramidal layers)
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what layer projects to other cortical areas?
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- layer III (external pyramidal)
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what layer projects to the seriatim, brainstem & spinal cord?
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- layer V (internal pyramidal)
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what layer projects to the thalamus?
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- layer VI (polymorphic layer)
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what are association vs commissural fibers?
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- association stay within the same hemisphere
- commissural project from one hemisphere to the other |
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what does the anterior commissure do?
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- connects temporal lobes
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what is the superior longitudinal fassiculus? what does it contain?
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- connects frontal with posterior
- contains the arcuate fascicles which connects regions of brain involved in generation & comprehension of language |
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what is the cingulum?
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- forms nearly complete circle from cingulate to parahippocampal gyrus
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what is the amygdalofungal pathway?
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- connects amygdala with thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, brain stem, septal nuclei & nucleus accumbens
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what does it mean that the cortical columns are microcircuits?
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- they synapse on each other and on themselves & can all be connected so excited at same time & can receive input from thalamus & integrate information
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small cortical areas are organized as _____________. Within each of these there is a _________.
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- columns
- microcircuits |
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what is the retinotopic map?
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- a form of topographical organization of the visual thalmus inputting into the cortex
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what is the directional sensitivity of the visual columns?
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- some neurons are activated when light patterns move a certain way
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what part of the cortex is activated during facial recognition?
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- fusiform gyrus
- we think it is a "top down" approach |
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what happened to the guy who's vision was lesioned at 3.5 then replaced later in life?
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- he could tell motion & lines, but he couldn't figure out depth, and relationships
- this is because he missed critical period where specific connections developed |
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how do you do single cell recordings?
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- very rare, can do when having brain surgery for epilepsy
- USE DEPTH ELECTRODES |
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what does fMRI look at?
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- looks at oxygenated vs unoxygenated blood - can see changes in blood flow
- BOLD = blood oxygen level dependent |