Nervous System Overview For Dental Science

Front 1

2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Back 1

-Sympathetic Nervous System
-Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 2

2 divisions of the Efferent Nervous System

Back 2

-Somatic Nervous System
-Autonomic Nervous System

Front 3

2 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 3

-Afferent Nervous System
-Efferent Nervous System

Front 4

2 types of cell processes

Back 4

-dendrites
-axons

Front 5

2 types of inhibiting neurotransmitters

Back 5

-dopamine
-seratonin

Front 6

2 types of triggering neurotransmitters

Back 6

-norepinephrine
-acetylcholine

Front 7

Action Potential

Back 7

-rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in the propogation of the nerve impulse along the membrane
-takes sodium ions into the cell and puts potassium ions outside of the cell, depolarizing the surface

Front 8

Afferent Nervous System

Back 8

-contains neurons that carry information from receptors in the body to the Central Nervous System (to the spinal cord, then to the brain)
-sensory nerves

Front 9

Afferent Neurons

Back 9

-sensory neurons
-taking messages toward the CNS from the body

Front 10

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 10

-operates without conscious control
-deals with involuntary functions (secreting stomach acid, etc)
-involves 2-nerve chains (at least 2 nerves in a chain) - oin together in ganglion where 2nd nerve of the 2-nerve chain joins up with the 1st nerve

Front 11

Axons

Back 11

-take messages away from the cell body to other parts of the body or adjacent neurons
-only one per neuron, although it ends in a number of branches

Front 12

Central Nervous System

Back 12

consists of all neurons (specifically cell bodies) located in the brain and the spinal cord

Front 13

Dendrites

Back 13

-bring messages toward the cell body
-multiple on most neurons

Front 14

Efferent Nervous System

Back 14

-carries information from the brain to the spinal cord then out to the muscles to cause contractions
-motor nerves

Front 15

Efferent Neurons

Back 15

-motor neurons
-taking messages away from the CNS to the body

Front 16

Ganglion

Back 16

accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Front 17

General Neurons/Nerves

Back 17

conduct impulses from the entire body or areas of the outer body

Front 18

Nerve Impulse

Back 18

term that describes messages being transferred by the dendrites and axons

Front 19

Nervous System

Back 19

an organization of neurons in the body

Front 20

Neurons

Back 20

-nerve cells
-the functional unit of the nervous system

Front 21

Neurotransmitters

Back 21

-chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential
-diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on another cell's membrane
-trigger or inhibit an action potential

Front 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 22

-craniosacral visceral efferent (found in the cranial and sacral nerves)
-“rest and digest”
-nerves trigger decrease in heart rate and respiration; increase in GI function, increase in saliva, etc

Front 23

Parts of a neuron

Back 23

-cell body (contains the nucleus)
-cell processes (branchlike structures that extend away from or toward the cell body)

Front 24

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 24

-consists of neurons (specifically cell bodies) located between the CNS and the muscles and glands of the body
-neurons (cell bodies) located outside of the brain or spinal cord

Front 25

Resting Potential

Back 25

charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in differences in the distribution of ions

Front 26

Somatic Nerves

Back 26

-all nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors
-external sense organs (including skin) are receptors

Front 27

Somatic Nervous System

Back 27

-neurons of the outer body
-go to muscles and receptors in the skins
-includes all nerves controlling the muscular system an external sensory receptors
-cause external muscles to contract (voluntary)

Front 28

Special Neurons/Nerves

Back 28

describes neurons that conduct stimuli from the special senses
-sense of taste
-sense of smell
-sense of sight
-sense of hearing

Front 29

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 29

-thoracolumbar visceral efferent (found in the thoracic and lumbar nerves)
-“fight or flight”
-nerves trigger decrease in saliva, increase in heart rate, increase in respiration rate, dilation of pupils, shutting down of gastrointestinal system, etc...

Front 30

Synapse

Back 30

-area of message transfer
-located between adjacent neurons where 2 neurons make contact
-between dendrites and axons of 2 different neurons

Front 31

Visceral Nerves

Back 31

all nerves controlling organs (ie: heart, intestines, lungs...) and glands (ie: salivary glands...)