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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS |
Central nervous system |
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PNS |
Peripheral nervous system |
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The CNS consists of... |
The brain and the spinal cord. Located in the dorsal cavity. |
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The PNS consists of... |
The other nerves |
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Sensory Function |
gathers information from the environment the nerves then carry info to the CNS. |
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Integrative Function |
Thinking, puts together the information about the environment |
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Motor function |
Doing, converts the plan into actions |
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Neuroglia (glial) |
Nerve cell, some secrete cerebrolspinal fluid other participate in phagocytosis. |
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Neurons |
Nerve cell. Function is communicating. Long in shape. Can’t re produce |
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Astrocytes |
Glial cell that covers the brain, Star shaped, Blood-brain barrier, structurally supports neurons |
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Ependymal- |
Glial cell. Assist in the formation of ceribeal spinal fluid |
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Parts of a neuron |
Cell body- middle egg part Dendrites- branches Axon- long body cord |
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Dendrites |
Receive signals and then send them to the cell body. |
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Axon |
Transmits signals away from the cell body |
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Na+ |
Sodium |
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K+ |
Potassium |
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ACh |
Acetylcholine |
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Myelin insulated axon |
Increase nerve speed of impulse. Nerve impulses can’t develo pe on any part covered in myelin. |
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Myelin insulated axon |
Increase nerve speed of impulse. Nerve impulses can’t develo pe on any part covered in myelin. |
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Synaptic cleft |
The space In between 2 neurons |
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Blood brain barrier |
Prevents toxic substances in the blood from entering the nervous tissue of the brain and the spinal cord. |
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Microglia cell |
Protective role; phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue |
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Schwann cells |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the peripheral nervous system; assist in regeneration of damaged fibers |
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Oligodendrocytes cell |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the central nervous system |
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Microglia cell |
Protective role; phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue |
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Schwann cells |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the peripheral nervous system; assist in regeneration of damaged fibers |
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Oligodendrocytes cell |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the central nervous system |
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The axon consists of |
Myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, neurilemma and axon terminal |
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Types of neurons |
Sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) Internuerons |
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White matter |
Made up of myelinated axons |
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Grey matter |
Made up of Unmyelinated axons, Cell bodies, Interneurons, Synapses |
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What is a nerve impulse/action potential |
Electrical signals conveying information along a nueron. Along sensory or motor neurons. |
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Nerve impulse steps |
Polarisation- resting Depolarisation- stimulated Repolarisation- resting again |
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Microglia cell |
Protective role; phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue |
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Depolarisation process |
Sodium rushes in |
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Repolarisation process |
Potassium rushes out |
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Schwann cells |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the peripheral nervous system; assist in regeneration of damaged fibers |
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Oligodendrocytes cell |
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in the central nervous system |
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The axon consists of |
Myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, neurilemma and axon terminal |
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Types of neurons |
Sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) Internuerons |
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White matter |
Made up of myelinated axons |
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Grey matter |
Made up of Unmyelinated axons, Cell bodies, Interneurons, Synapses |
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What is a nerve impulse/action potential |
Electrical signals conveying information along a nueron. Along sensory or motor neurons. |
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Nerve impulse steps |
Polarisation- resting Depolarisation- stimulated Repolarisation- resting again |
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The process of polarisation |
Potassium Leaks from neuron, determines resting membrane potential. |
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Action potential process |
Forms at axons, regenerates along axon length, enters axon terminal, releases ACh from vesicles |
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Functions involving cerebral lobes |
Speech areas, association areas |
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Diencephalon |
Consists of the hypothalamus and the thalamus |
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Brain stem consists of |
Midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata. |
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Cerebellum |
Located at base of skull, mediates reflexes, coordinates motor activity and evaluates sensory input. |
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Structures across divisions of the brain |
Limbic-emotional. Reticular formation- sleep/wake cycle. Memory areas |
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Stages of sleep |
NREM- non rapid eye movement. REM- rapid eye movement. |
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Memory areas |
Immediate memory, short term memory and long term memory. |
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The four layers protecting the CNS |
Bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and the blood brain barrier. |
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Layers of meninges |
Dura matter, arachnoid matter and Pia matter. |
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The blood brain barrier |
Made of astrocytes within cerebral capillaries. Acts as cell membrane for toxins |
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Nerve impulse causes to move |
Myelin insulates axon, then exposes some axon membrane, action potential jumps node to node. |
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Parts of a synapse |
Receptors, neurotransmitters and inactivators. |
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Events at a synapse. |
ACh goes from neuron as to b, neuron b is activated. |
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The four major areas of the brain |
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum. |
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The cerebrum colour |
Cerebral cortex-grey matter. Whit matter makes the bulk of the cerebrum. |
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Markings of the cerebrum |
Gyrus- convolutions. Fissures (sulci) - central, lateral, longitudinal. |
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Lobes of the cerebrum |
Frontal lobe, central sulcus, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, prim motor and lateral sulcus |
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Frontal lobe controls |
Behaviour, personality and motor control |
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Other cerebral lobes |
Parietal, temporal and occipital |
