Neoplasia 1

Front 1

Most common cause of cancer death in males?

Back 1

1)lung
2)prostate
3) colon

Front 2

Most common cause of cancer death in females?

Back 2

1) lung
2)breast
3) colon

Front 3

Most common cause of cancer death in all people?

Back 3

lung

Front 4

Define neoplasm?

Back 4

New growth that can be malignant or benign

Front 5

What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasm? (3)

Back 5

-localization
-surgical removal
-mestastasis

Front 6

How do you name a mesenchymal and epithelial benign tumor?

Back 6

-oma

Front 7

What are polyps and papillomas? benign or malignant?

Back 7

benign

Front 8

What is a papilloma?

Back 8

benign epithelial neoplasm with finger like projections

Front 9

What is a polyp?

Back 9

extension of epithelium and stroma above mucosal surface with no finger like projections

Front 10

What is the difference between a polyp and papilloma?

Back 10

papilloma has CT in the finger like projections whereas the polyp has an extension of epithelium and stroma above mucosal surface

Front 11

What is a hamartoma?

Back 11

benign neoplasm that is indigenous cells but is disorganized

Front 12

What is a choristoma?

Back 12

benign neoplasm that is ectopic normal tissue

Front 13

Naming for simple malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin?

Back 13

-"sarcoma"

Front 14

Naming for simply tumor of epithelial origin?

Back 14

-"carcinoma"

Front 15

What kinds of cells are located in the mixed tumor?

Back 15

divergent differentiation

Front 16

What is the definition of a teratoma?

Back 16

neoplasm with cells from different germ layers

Front 17

Can a teratoma or mixed/compound tumor be benign or malignant?

Back 17

it can be ither

Front 18

What is the difference between a mixed/compound tumor and a teratoma?

Back 18

Teratoma- tumor with cells from different germ layers
Mixed/Compound type - derived from same germ layer

Front 19

What are the gross features of a benign neoplasm? (4)

Back 19

1) similar to tissue of origin
2) encapsulated
3) slow growth
3) no metastasis

Front 20

What are the microscopic features of a benign neoplasm? (6)

Back 20

1) recognizable
2) uniform cells
3) few mitotic figures, and those that are there are rare
4) normal orientation
5) abundant stroma
6) basement membrane

Front 21

What are the characteristics of dysplasia? (5)

Back 21

1) loss in uniformity
2) loss of architectural orientation
3) pleomorphism
4) hyperchromatic
5) increased mitoses (normal)

Front 22

What is the carcinoma in situ? (2)

Back 22

a carcinoma (malignant) that is confined to the basement membrane and has dysplastic changes throughout the entire thickness

Front 23

What are the gross features of a malignant tumor? (4)

Back 23

1) locally invasive
2) infiltrating
3) rapid, erratic growth
4) metastasis

Front 24

what are the microscopic features of a malignant tumor?

Back 24

1) does not resemble tissue of origin
2) pleomorphism
3) hyperchromatic blue nuclei
4) mitoseses
5) messed up orientation
6) giant tumor cells
7) the middle may be necrotic

Front 25

What is a tumor giant cell?

Back 25

a cell with 2 or more hyperchromatic nucleus

Front 26

What is anaplasia?

Back 26

lack of differentiation

Front 27

What are the three factors that determine tumor growth?

Back 27

1) doubling time of tumor cells
2) fraction of tumor cells in replicative pool
3) rate at which cells shed or die

Front 28

What is the general strategy of treating tumors based on the knowledge of tumor growth?

Back 28

move cells into proliferative pool where they can be targets for gene therapy

Front 29

What are the two oncogenes that act in tumors?

Back 29

1) RAS
2) MYC

Front 30

What is function of RAS oncogenes?

Back 30

1) growth factor
2) cells grow without achorage

Front 31

What is function of MYC oncogene?

Back 31

makes sell sensitive to growth factor thereby immortalizing them

Front 32

What is the evolution of cancer?

Back 32

1) mutation event
2) activation of KRAS
3) loss of tumor supressor gene
4) adenoma cells proliferate
5) malignancy happens
6) you get a carcinoma

Front 33

What is the main difference between adenomatous polyp and hyperplastic polyp?

Back 33

1)adenomatous has no mucin and hyperplastic has mucin
2) cells are losing the basal orientation and hyperplastic still has basal orientation

Front 34

What are the two other characteristics of adenomatous polyp besides basal orientation and mucin?

Back 34

-cigar shaped nuclei
-loss of differnetiation