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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lipoma |
Benign tumor of adipose cells Superficial, smooth surface, soft, palpable yellowish mass >40 years of age Rare to oral cavity Buccal mucosa & vestibule > tongue> floor of mouth Treatment: surgical excision |
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Neurofibroma &Schwannoma |
Benign tumors of nerve tissue Epidemiology: tongue Characteristics: microscopic ally differ; neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen Treatment is surgical excision |
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Lipoma |
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Hemangioma |
Benign proliferation of capillaries Head and neck region 2 types: Capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma Birth or adults (trauma related) Tongue>lips>buccal mucosa Females > males Lesions blanch with pressure Treatment: surgery or sclerosing solution injection |
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Hemangioma |
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Lymphangioma |
Benign tumor of lymphatic vessels Most present at birth 50% head and neck Tongue>buccal mucosa>mouth floor Cystic lymphangioma of neck (Cystic hygroma) Treatment: surgical excision |
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Lymphangioma |
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Kaposi Sarcoma |
Malignant, vascular tumor Etiology:HHV-8 Most common with AIDS Males > females Skin (lower extremities) Oral mucosa (hard palate and gingiva, macules, plaques, exophytic lesions Treatment: |
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Kaposi Sarcoma |
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Rhabdomyosarcoma |
Aggressive, destructive tumor of striated muscle Most common malignant soft tissue tumor of head and neck <10 years of age Male> female Treatment: radiation, chemo, surgery
A leiomyoma that is separate from the rest of the surrounding tissue by a fibrous capsule. Feels like a jellybean when rolled bidigitally |
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Melanocytic nevus |
Benign tumor of melanocytes or Congenital lesions Skin or oral mucosa Hard palate>buccal mucosa Females>males 20-50 years of age Malignancy a possibility Treatment: surgical excision |
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Melanotic Nevi |
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Epithelial Dysplasia |
Disordered growth histologically Premalignant condition Clinical appearance: Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia, Speckled leukoplakia Floor of mouth and tongue Failure of epithelial cells to mature properly Begins at cellular level Mild, moderate, and severe |
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Epithelial Dysplasia (Premalignant Lesion) |
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Epithelial Dysplasia (Premalignant lesions) |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
Malignant tumor of squamous epi Most common oral malignancy Floor of mouth>ventral-lateral tongue>soft palate>tonsillar pillars>retro molar Vermillion border of lips and face (solar or actinic cheilosis) >40 years of age Incidence higher in women
Clinically: Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia, Speckled leukoplakia, Exophytic ulcerative lesions (late tumors) Metastasis: Lymph nodes of head/neck, liver and lungs Risk Factors: Human papillomavirus, tobacco, alcohol consumption Treatment: excision, radiation/chemo Prognosis: TNM staging
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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Verrucous Carcinoma |
Type of squamous Cell Carcinoma Males>Females >55 years of age Etiology: smokeless tobacco, alcohol Clinical appearance: white patch, cauliflower-like appearance Vestibular mucosa>buccal mucosa>alveolar ridge> gingiva Treatment: surgical removal, Cryotherapy |
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Verrucous Carcinoma |
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Verrucous Carcinoma |
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Melanoma |
1% all skin cancers Renders most deaths due to skin cancer Fastest growing cancer in US >40 years of age Males>Females Pathigenesis: sun, environment, genetic factors 2 subtypes: in situ and invasive-type No pain associated Intraoral: Brown, red, black, black-bluish in color Hard palate and maxillary gingiva Exophytic, ulcerative, irregular border Aggressive and invasive |
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ABCDE Rule |
Asymmetry Border irregularity Color Diameter Evolving |
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Melanoma |
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Basal cell Carcinoma |
Etiology: UV light exposure, genetic Most common skin cancer 55-75 years if age Males>Females |
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Basal cell Carcinoma |
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Pleomorphic Adenoma |
Mixed tumor of connective tissue and epithelial cells Most common salivary gland neoplasm (80-90%) 30-50 years of age Females>males Parotid>submandibular; palate Slow growing, painless, dome-shaped mass Lower lobe of Parotid gland Palate |
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Pleomorphic Adenoma |
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Pleomorphic Adenoma |
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Warthin's Tumor |
Type of Monomorphic Adenoma Unknown etiology Smokers at increased 40-70 years of age Men>women 2nd most common Parotid gland tumor Clinical: bilateral, slow growing, painless, rubbery or firm mass of Parotid gland |
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Warthin's Tumor |
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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma |
Unknown etiology Most common malignant, minor salivary gland tumor in US (palate) 20-70 years of age Females>males Clinically: parotid>submandibular; palate Parotid, asymptomatic swelling Mandible>maxillary |
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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma |
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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma |
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Adenoids Cystic Carcinoma |
Aka cylindroma of major and minor salivary glands Unknown etiology (chromosome mutation) 40-60 years of age Women>Men Palate; parotid>submandibular Clinically: Firm, well-defined, slow growing mass Pain an early symptom |
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Adenoids Cystic Carcinoma |
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Acinic Cell Adenocarcinoma |
Unknown etiology 45 years of age (20-70 years) Women>Men Parotid>submandibular>minor salivary glands Clinically: Parotid and submandibular (facial nerve paralysis) Minor salivary glands (palate, buccal mucosa, lips) Slow growing mass Pain |
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Acinic Cell Adenocarcinoma |
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Odontogenic Tumors |
Epithelial or mesenchymal remnants of tooth forming tissues May be: epi only, mesenchyme only, mixed, central or peripheral Benign>malignant Teeth remain vital |
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Ameloblastoma |
Epithelial origin 2nd most common odontogenic tumor 35 years of age Unencapsulated Slow growing- yet aggressive, invasive, expansive Mandiblr>maxillary Uni- or multi-locular (honeycomb or soap bubble appearance) Painless swelling |
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Ameloblastoma |
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Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor |
CEOT- aka Pindborg tumor 20-50 years 1% of odontogenic Tumors Mandible>maxillary Encapsulated, slow growing, invasive Painless, jaw asymmetry Uni/multi-locular radiolucency with calcifications |
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Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT) |
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Adenoma to if Odontogenic Tumor |
Encapsulated, benign, epithelial odontogenic tumor <20 years of age (5-30 years) Femals>males Anterior maxillary Uni-locular radiolucency around crown of impacted teeth Facial asymmetry (most asymptomatic) |
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Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor |
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Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst |
Non-aggressive <40 years of age Characteristics: ghost cells, uni/multi-locular radiolucency |
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Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst |
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Odontogenic Myxoma |
Mesenchymal origin PDL or dental pulp 10-30 years of age Unencapsulated Aggressive, root resorption, tooth displacement Uni- or multi-locular (step ladder or honeycomb appearance) |
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Odontogenic Myxoma |
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Central Cementifying and Ossifying Fibromas |
Fibrous CT and calcifications 30-40 years of age Women>Men Mandible>maxilla Asymptomatic, bone expansion, facial asymmetry Well defined, radiopaque to radiolucent |
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Central Cementifying and Ossifying |
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Central Cementifying Fibroma |
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Cementoblastoma |
Aka true-cementoma (proliferation of cementum-like tissue) <21 years of age Posterior mandible Asymptomatic --> painful growth, swelling Teeth vital Radiopaque calcified mass with radiolucent halo |
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Cementoblastoma |
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Ameloblastic Fibroma |
Mixed tumor or epi and mesenchyme <20 years of age Male>female Posterior mandible Asymptomatic--> bone expansion/swelling Unencapsulated Uni- or multi-locular radiolucency |
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Ameloblastic Fibroma |
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Odontomoas |
Mixed tumor epi and mesenchymal Developmental disturbance Developmental anomalies (enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp) <20 years of age MOST COMMON odontogenic tumor Complex vs compound odontomas Failure of tooth to erupt Swelling, tooth displacement Radiographic |
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Odontomas |
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma |
Fibrous CT with bone and cementum calcifications Cells of PDL Females>males Youth Sessile or pedunculated lesion at interdental papillary |
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Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma |
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Leukemia |
Group of malignant neoplasms involving leukocytes Cell proliferation Acute and chronic forms Genetic mutation High # of WBCS |
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Leukemia |
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Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's) |
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue Men>women 50% >65 years of age Tonsillar area most common (Waldeyer Ring) Lymphadenopathy |
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Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's ) |
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Multiple Myeloma |
Malignant proliferation of plasma cells resulting in destructive bone lesions Males>females >40 years of age Mandible>maxilla Bones pain, swelling, fracture of bone Multiple radiolucent lesions Extramedullary plasmacytoma Diagnosis: monoclonal spike, Bence Jones proteins |
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Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (multiple myeloma) |
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Multiple Myeloma |
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Osteosarcoma |
MOST COMMON bone rumored 35 years of age Males>Females Mandible>maxilla Pain, swelling, mobility, numbness Sunburst appearance, widened PDL |
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Osteosarcoma |
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Chondrosarcoma |
<1% in maxilla or mandible 30-60 years of age Maxilla>mandible Painless, swelling, mobility, ulceration Radiolucent/radiopaque features, widened PDL |
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Chondrosarcoma |
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Metastatic Tumors of the Jaws |
Rare; most are epi in origin and Adenocarcinoma Present several years after primary lesion Mandible>maxilla Men>women Pain, paresthesia of lips, swelling, bone expansion, mobility Radiolucent- radiopaque, ill-defined borders |
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Multiple Myeloma is the result of a malignant proliferation of plasma cells. A localized tumor of plasma cells in soft tissue is Extramedullary plasmacytoma. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Characteristics of peripheral Ossifying fibroma? |
Microscopically resembles a central Ossifying fibroma Presents clinically as a sessile or pedunculated lesion at the interdental papilla |
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Central odontogenic tumors occur in bone. Peripheral odontogenic tumors are soft tissue tumors. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Most common malignant, minor salivary gland tumor? |
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma |
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Most common odontogenic tumor |
Odontoma |
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Characteristics of Ameloblastomas |
2nd most common odontogenic tumor Most often presents in the mandibular molar region Treatment is surgical excision Unencapsulated |
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Most common Intraoral site for metastatic Tumors is the...... |
Mandible |
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Warthin's tumor is the second market common Parotid gland tumor. A bilateral, painless mass of the parotid gland is a defining clinical characteristic of Warthin's tumor. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Characteristics of Pleomorphic Adenomas |
Most common salivary gland tumor Palate is most common Intraoral location Mixed tumor of CT and epi cells |
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Characteristics of Odontogenic Tumors |
Most are benign Derived from odontogenic epithelium and/or odontogenic mesenchyme |
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The most common Intraoral location for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the tonsillar area. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a tumor of blood forming tissues. (T/F) |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Most common locations for Intraoral squamous Cell Carcinoma? |
Floor of mouth, ventral-lateral tongue, and tonsillar pillars |
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Characteristics of verrucous Carcinoma |
Rare to metastasize Cauliflower-like appearance Smokeless tobacco is most common risk factor |
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Cementoblastomas are a proliferation of cementum fused to the root of a vital tooth. Treatment of Cementoblastomas is removal of the tooth and tumor. |
TRUE |
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What represents the earliest clinical example of squamous Cell Carcinoma? |
Non-healing ulcer |
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What odontogenic tumors are associated with unerupted teeth? |
Odontomas Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumor |
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Which malignant tumor has a characteristic sunburst appearance radiogeaphically? |
Osteosarcoma |
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Characteristics of melanoma |
Pathogenesis includes sun, environment, and genetic factors In situ type is most treatable Comprises 1% of skin cancers |
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A malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue is called.... |
Osteosarcoma |
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A proliferation of mature white blood cells is a marker for chronic leukemia. Gingival enlargement and persistent bleeding are potential intra- oral manifestations of leukemia. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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A malignant tumor of striated muscle is called... |
Rhabdomyosarcoma |
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The microscopic characteristics of benign a drug malignant tumors differ. Understanding the differences between benign and malignant features helps clinical outcome of the disease. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Tumor associated with von Recklinghausen disease |
Neurofibroma |
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Epithelial Dysplasia is disordered cell growth. Moderate Dysplasia has a grater potential for malignant transformation of left untreated. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Invasion of tumor cells is synonymous with metastasis. In situ refers to confinement of tumor cells to their site of origin. |
The first statement is FALSE. The second statement is TRUE |
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Characteristics of Rhabdomyosarcoma |
Most common in children Most common benign soft tissue tumor of head and neck Prognosis is poor when metastatic |
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Characteristics of a benign tumor? |
Encapsulated Cells look identical to cells from which the tumor arose (well differentiated) Grow slowly |
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A benign tumor of adipose tissue is called... |
Lipoma |
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A benign tumor composed of a proliferation of capillaries is a ... |
Hemangioma |
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A white plaque-like lesion that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed clinically as a specific disease is called: |
Leukoplakia |
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Cells in malignant tumors become senescent. Senescent cells are old and failed to thrive. |
The first statement is FALSE. The second statement is TRUE. |
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Oncogenes may stimulate the development of cancer. Tumor suppressor genes restrain cancer cell growth and division. |
Both statements are TRUE |
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Your patient presents with oropharyngeal carcinoma and exhibits metastatic disease in the lungs. Which clinical stage correlates to these findings? |
Stage IV |
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Pleomorphism refers to a variation in cell size and nuclei. Pleomorphism is characteristic of malignant tumors. |
Both statements are TRUE |
