Ncea Level 3 Biology Exam Revision

Front 1

-Tropism

Back 1

Movement or growth of a plant toward or away from a exogenous stimuli.

Front 2

-Geotropism or Gravitropism

Back 2

The movement or growth of a plant in response to gravity.

Front 3

-Heliotropism

Back 3

movement or growth of a plant in response to sunlight.

Front 4

-Phototropism

Back 4

movement or growth of a plant in response to light or colour of light.

Front 5

-Photoperiodism

Back 5

The developmental responses of plants to the relative
lengths of dark and light periods.

Front 6

-Nastic Response or movement

Back 6

Nastic movements are plant movements that occur in response to environmental stimuli but unlike tropic movements, the direction of the response is not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.

Front 7

-Taxes or Tactic movement

Back 7

The movement of an entire cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. The direction of the movement is obtained by the direction of the stimulus. (Plants)

Front 8

-Kineses

Back 8

the movement of an entire cell or organism in response to a external stimulus. (Animals)

Front 9

-Homing

Back 9

The inherent ability of an animal to navigate towards an original location through unfamiliar areas.

Front 10

-True Navigation

Back 10

Navigation where in familiar areas animals will use landmarks such as roads, rivers or mountains when flying, or islands and other landmarks while swimming. However, this only works in familiar territory.

Front 11

- Celestial Compass

Back 11

The navigation of an animal where by they orientate themselves using the sun, moon are stars in one form or another. also known as a sun or moon compass.

Front 12

-Circadian Rhythm

Back 12

a daily rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous entrainable oscillation of around 24 hours. Although circadian rhythms are endogenous ("built-in", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers, commonly the most important of which is daylight.

Front 13

-Annual Rhythms

Back 13

the occurrence of a process or a function in a living organism on a yearly basis. Events that display an annual rhythm can include life cycles, such as those of annual plants, mating behavior; some kinds of movement, such as migration; or growth patterns, such as the growth rings of woody plant stems.

Front 14

-Lunar Rhythms

Back 14

are phenomena whose timing corresponds to a lunar month, the moon’s (roughly) 29.5 day orbit around earth. In some cases these rhythms may depend on external cues, such as a greater or smaller amount of moonlight due to the moons phases. In other cases, for example the approximately-monthly cycle of menstruation, the correlation in timing may reflect no known lunar influence.

Front 15

-Tidal Rhythms

Back 15

are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the Earth. Some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day, called a diurnal tide. Some locations experience two uneven tides a day, or sometimes one high and one low each day; this is called a mixed tide.

Front 16

-Mutualism

Back 16

other wise known as symbiosis is a interspecies relationship which is beneficial to both organisms involved.

Front 17

-Neutralism

Back 17

Describes the relationship between two species that interact but do not affect each other

Front 18

-Exploitation

Back 18

Is a term given a relationship between organisms where one or more receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms.

Front 19

-Herbivory

Back 19

The practice of being a herbivore. Consuming a diet of plants or plant like organisms such as seaweed or plankton.

Front 20

-Predation

Back 20

A biological interaction where a predator fed on its prey. This is a prime example of a exploitive relationship.

Front 21

-Parasitism

Back 21

The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it.

Front 22

-Territoriality

Back 22

Is a form of communication aimed at establishing a defined territory. Often scents, calls and behaviors characterize this display in animals.

Front 23

-Hierarchical

Back 23

The nature of a hierarchy; arranged in order of rank.

Front 24

-Co-operative Breeding

Back 24

a social system characterized by selective breeding; where helpers provide care for offspring produced by breeding group members.

Front 25

-Courtship Display

Back 25

Courtship display is a special, sometimes ritualised, set of behaviors, which some animals perform as part of courtship.

Front 26

-Home Range

Back 26

is the area in which an animal lives and travels. It is closely related to, but not identical with, the concept of “territory” which is the area that is actively defended.

Front 27

-Kin Selection

Back 27

Altruistic behavior, an example being the protection of offspring, where the parent has the instinctive belief that preserving the gene pool of the offspring is of higher priority than the existence of themselves.

Front 28

-Agnostic Behaviour

Back 28

any social behavior related to fighting

Front 29

-Auxin

Back 29

a plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.

Front 30

-Exogenous

Back 30

outside and organism

Front 31

-Endogenous

Back 31

inside an organism

Front 32

-Entrainment

Back 32

is essentially adaptations of behavior based on cues from the exogenous environment called Zeitgebers

Front 33

-Free Running Period

Back 33

A cycle of activity not matched to environmental cues is called a free running cycle, and its length is called the period. The period often deviates slighty from the 24 hour cycle, but can be reset to match the 24 hour cycle via entrainment.

Front 34

-Zeitgeber

Back 34

a rhythmically occurring natural phenomenon which acts as a cue in the regulation of the body's circadian rhythms

Front 35

-Biological Clock

Back 35

an innate mechanism that controls the physiological activities of an organism which change on a daily, seasonal, yearly, or other regular cycle.