Mycology Quiz 1

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Aspergillus flavus - macroscopic view

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Malasezzia furfur

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Aspergillus flavus - microscopically

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Curvularia lunata - macro

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Curvularia

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Tinea versicolor - the condition caused by

Malassezia furfur - organism

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Causes tinea versicolor.

Skin scrapings reveal spaghetti and meatballs appearance. Fluoresces under Woods light.

Culture and ID not routinely done

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Malassezia furfur - organism

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Malassezia furfur

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Tinea versicolor - condition caused by

Malassezia furfur - organism

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Causes tinea nigra - normally asymptomatic.

It is a dimorphic fungus. Microscopic skin scrapings show darkly pigmented yeastlike cells and hyphal elements

Culture and ID with Sabouraud's dextrose agar grows pigmented yeast and fungal hyphae seen microscopically

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Exophiala Werneckii - organism

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Exophiala Werneckii - organism

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Tinea nigra - condition caused by

Exophiala Werneckii - organism

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Tinea nigra - condition caused by

Exophiala Werneckii - organism

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Causes black piedra.

Colonizes the hair shaft.

Detected by micro exam of hair showing a hard black nodule surrounding the hair shaft.

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Piedraia hortae - organism

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Piedraia hortae - organism

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Black piedra - condition caused by

Pedraia hortae - organism

Masses of fruiting bodies of ascospores on human hair

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Causes white piedra, which colonizes around the hair shaft (white and creamy)

Detected on micro exam of hairs showing a cream-colored soft, pasty growth surrounding the hair shaft

Culture and ID by Sabouraud's dextrose agar presenting as a dimorphic fungus - septate hyphae, arthroconidia, and blastoconidia

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Trichosporon beigelii - organism

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Trichosporon beigelii - organism

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White piedra - condition caused by

Trichosporon beigelii - organism

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what are fungal infections called?

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Mycoses

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fungi are eukaryotic, lack chlorophyll and absorb all nutrients from the environment, and cell walls are made of chitin

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general characteristics of fungi

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Fuzzy, fluffy, cottony, wooly, filamentous

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Hyphae (molds)

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Moist, creamy, wet, pasty cololnies

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Yeasts

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pathogenic fungi which can be both - "the bad boys" Grow as yeast at body temp and molds at room temp

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Dimorphic fungi

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Unicellular - 2-60 micrometers

Reproduce by budding. If no septum formed, elongated bud called a pseudohypha (germ tube) is formed - this is the branching seen

Resemble bacterial colonies on agar

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Yeasts

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grow by tubelike projections - true hyphae, which intertwine to form a cottony matt called mycelium.

vegetative hyphae reaches into the agar for nutrients

aerial hyphae reaches into the air for nutrients

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Molds

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aerial hyphae have specialized reproductive structures from which what occurs?

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sexual spores or asexual conidia occurs

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No cross walls

Exampleis Phylum zygomycota

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Aseptate hyphae

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Most fungi have hyphae that occur this way

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Septate hyphae

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Individual oval to round cells which bud to form daughter cells

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Yeasts

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Fungi that exist as either yeast or mold.

At room temp they grow as molds, at body temp they grow as yeast. Most are pathogenic

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Dimorphs

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Sabouraud's agar

Dermatophyte agar

Mycosel

BHI

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Primarily fungal culture media

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Growth rate, colonial morphologic features, and microscopic morphological features are used to

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ID molds

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tease mount

cellophane tape mount

slide culture

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Methods of microscopic examination of molds

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fundamental microscopic units, tube-like projections

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hyphae

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asexual spores produced by specialized vegetative hyphae called conidiophores. May be macro or micro

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conidia

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flask or vase shaped extension from hyphae that may support conidia

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phialides

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fragmentation of the mycelium at the septum into cylinder or cask-shaped thick-walled spores

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arthroconidia

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thick-walled asexual spores formed by "rounding up" and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells

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chlamydospores

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These colonize skin, hair, and nails. They produce keratinase, which hydrolyzes keratin

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dermatophytes

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these become filamentous when they invade tissues

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Candida

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Dimorphic, forming yeasts in the human body

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Systemic mycoses

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What organism produces a capsule which protects it from the immune system?

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Cryptococcus neoformans