Motor Control Strategies For Balance In Standing

Front 1

quiet stance and postural tone

Back 1

-certain muscles have a low level of activity to maintain alignment and control

Front 2

what controls the knee

Back 2

-ligamentous locking

Front 3

what controls the hip

Back 3

-TFL, glut med

Front 4

what controls the spine

Back 4

-erector spinae, abdominals

Front 5

feedback control

Back 5

-relies on sensation from a disturbance to balance
-adjustments are made to the activity of the postural muscles in response to a perturbation

Front 6

feedforward control

Back 6

-anticipates the disturbance to balance, based on past experience, and implements a strategy to control balance
-signals sent from CNS to the postural muscles prior to movement

Front 7

when is ankle strategy useful?

Back 7

-when disturbances to balance are small
-when the surface that one is standing on is firm
-when the ankle range of motion and strength are intact

Front 8

when is hip strategy useful

Back 8

-w/ large, fast perturbations to balance
-when the support surface is small
-when support surface is compliant

Front 9

stepping strategy

Back 9

-when the ankle or hip strategies are not sufficient to control the COM, a step will restore equilibrium

Front 10

lateral stability

Back 10

-alternative strategies used to recover stability in mediolateral direction
-muscle patterns organized in a proximal to distal direction
-muscles at the hip and trunk rule