Module 7 B141

Front 1

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the _____ space

Back 1

Subarachnoid space

Front 2

State the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Back 2

Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ

Front 3

The cell bodies of motor neurons to skeletal muscles are located in the _____ gray horns

Back 3

Anterior

Front 4

The outermost connective tissue covering of nerves is the ______

Back 4

Epineurium

Front 5

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, ________ input would be blocked (sensory/motor)

Back 5

Sensory

Front 6

The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord toward the outer surface of the cord are called ______.

Back 6

Horns

Front 7

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result he would probably suffer from a loss of _________. (Sensation/movement)

Back 7

Sensation

Front 8

Spinal cord consist of five regions and _______ nerve roots

Back 8

31

Front 9

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contains cell bodies of _____ neurons

Back 9

Sensory

Front 10

Action potentials and dorsal nerve Roots propagate ________ the cord

Back 10

Towards

Front 11

What is the correct order of meninges from superficial to Deep

Back 11

Dura mater, arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Front 12

Anterior horns of the spinal cord mainly contain _______ nuclei

Back 12

Somatic motor

Front 13

An action potentials of ventral nerve Roots propagate ______ the cord

Back 13

Away from

Front 14

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly neuronal cell ______

Back 14

Bodies

Front 15

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the ______

Back 15

Meninges

Front 16

The Reflex that causes relaxation and prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the _________ reflex

Back 16

Golgi tendon

Front 17

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly ______ nuclei

Back 17

Sensory

Front 18

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the ____________

Back 18

Endoneurium

Front 19

Define somatic

Back 19

Transmits information from the skin and skeletal muscles to the CNS

Front 20

Define Visceral neurons

Back 20

Transmits information from internal organs to the central NS

Front 21

This horn is only in the thoracic and Lumbar segments of the spine

Back 21

The lateral horn which contains visceral/automatic motor nuclei

Front 22

List the connective tissue layers of a spinal nerve from superficial to Deep

Back 22

Epineurium, perineurium (divides compartments into fasicles), endoneurium (connect the tissue)

Front 23

Spinal nerve forms just _____ to the intervertebral foramen where the dorsal and ventral Roots Unite

Back 23

Lateral

Front 24

Interneurons in the CNS are organized into

Back 24

Neuronal pools which are functional groups of interconnected neurons

Front 25

Simple circuits and the penis and spinal cord control

Back 25

Reflexes

Front 26

What is Divergence and how is it related to neural circuits

Back 26

Divergences when one year on spreads information. An example is sensory information coming to CNS

Front 27

What is Convergence and how does it relate to neural circuits

Back 27

Convergence is when several neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron. Ex: breathing movements of diaphragm and ribs can be controlled subconsciously or consciously

Front 28

This is the best known monosynaptic reflex and an example of this type of reflex is the patellar reflex

Back 28

Stretch reflex

Front 29

What are postural reflexes and what are the three things they do (3 including description of it)

Back 29

They are many stretch reflexes that help maintain upright posture.

-They coordinate activities of opposing muscles to keep body's weight off of feet.

- postural muscles generally have per muscle tone and extremely sensitive stretch receptors which allow for fine subconscious adjustments

Front 30

What kind of receptor are Golgi tendon organs and where are they found

Back 30

They're proprioceptors and they're found in the muscle tendon. In the reflex arc interneurons are inhibitory and the product of the reflex is muscle relaxation

Front 31

What are ipsilateral reflexes vs. Contralateral reflexes and give examples

Back 31

Ipsilateral reflexes happen on the same side such a stretch reflex and withdrawal reflex, contralateral reflexes happen on opposing sides such as the crossed extensor reflex

Front 32

What is the defining feature of withdrawal reflexes and what are some examples

Back 32

May contain many pools of interneurons and our intense and cause a localization of stimulus effect. An example is the flexor reflex and the crossed extensor reflex

Front 33

What is reciprocal inhibition

Back 33

When interneurons activate two different neurons for reflux such as::: activated motor neurons in anterior horns to the contract flexor muscles and activated inhibitory interneurons that keep extensions relaxed