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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the contents of the male Superficial perineal pouch?
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Superficial transverse perineal muscles
: Ischiocavernosus mm Crus (crura) of the corpora cavernosa Bulbospongiosus mm Bulb of the penis Perineal membrane |
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What are the contents of the male deep perineal pouch?
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Membranous urethra
External urethral sphincter Compressor urethrae Deep transverse perineal m Bulbourethral glands Anterior recess of the ischioanal fossa |
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What are the contents of the female Superficial perineal pouch?
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Superficial transverse perineal m
ischiocavernosus m Crus cavernosa Bulbospongiosus m: Vestibular bulbs Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s) Perineal body Perineal membrane |
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What are the contents of the female deep perineal pouch?
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Vagina
UG diaphragm: Deep transverse perineal m External urethral sphincter Urethrovaginal sphincter Compressor urethrae Anterior recess of the ischioanal fossa |
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List the superficial fascia continuities of pelvis/genitals in males...
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Scarpa’s fascia
superficial fascia of penis Dartos fascia of scrotum Colle's Fascia-aka Superficial perineal fascia Membranous |
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List the Continuities of
deep layers of fascia in males |
EAO
Suspensory ligament of the penis Buck’s fascia External spermatic fascia Deep perineal fascia |
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Where is the perineal cleft?
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The portion of the superficial perineal pouch
between deep perineal fascia and Colle’s fascia. |
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The preineal cleft is is continuous with
the space between tunica dartos and external spermatic fascia in the... |
scrotum
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The preineal cleft is is continuous with
the space between fascia of EAO and Scarpa’s fascia in the... |
abdomen
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The preineal cleft is is continuous with the space between Buck’s and superficial fascia of penis in the...
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Penis
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The perineal cleft is NOT continuous with ...
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Anal triangle
medial thigh back |
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What are the parts of the male urethra
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Prostatic urethra
Intermediate (membranous) urethra Spongy urethra |
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In a straddle or false passage injury:
If the injury takes place superior to the perineal membrane, the bloody urine will |
be restricted to the deep pouch and the abdominopelvic diaphragm
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In a straddle or false passage injury:
If the injury takes place inferior to the perineal membrane: |
the bloody urine will enter the perineal cleft after it is Forced to break through the corpus spongiosum
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What are the Major branches of the internal pudendal artery in women? (5)
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Inferior rectal artery(s)
Dorsal artery of the clitoris Deep artery of the clitoris Perineal artery Artery of the bulb |
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What are the Major branches of the internal pudendal artery in men?
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Inferior rectal artery(s)
Dorsal artery of the penis Artery of the bulb Deep artery of the penis |
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What are the 3 major branches of the pudendal nerve?
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Inferior rectal nerve(s)
Perineal nerve: Superficial and deep branches Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris |
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Lymphatic drainage from the deep
perineal tissues accompany? |
internal pudendal
vessels and drain into internal iliac nodes |
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Lymphatic drainage from the superficial tissues....
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occurs mainly at the superficial inguinal nodes
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lymphatic drainage of the
gonads... |
occurs at the lumbar nodes
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pudendal nerve comes from what levels
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(S2,3,4)
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What is the name of the gland found in the deep pouch in males?
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Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)
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What perineal muscle is most likely found only in males?
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Deep transverse perineal muscle
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Name the urethral sphincters in males
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Sphincter urethrae
Compressor urethrae |
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Name the urethral sphincters in females
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Sphincter urethrae
Sphincter urethraevaginalis Compressor urethrae |
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What does (NAVAN) stand for?
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Dorsal nerve of the penis
Dorsal artery of the penis Deep dorsal vein of the penis Dorsal artery of the penis Dorsal nerve of the penis |
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What vessles and nerves are in the superficial pouch in women?
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Perineal branches of internal pudendal AV, pudendal Nerve
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What vessles and nerves are in the superficial pouch in men?
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Perineal branches of internal pudendal AV, pudendal Nerve
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In females,what glands are located
just posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule? |
The greater vestibular glands (of
Bartholin’s) |
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What are the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch
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Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal muscles |
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What defines the Deep perineal pouch?
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between pelvic diaphragm
and perineal membrane |
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What defines the Superficial perineal
pouch |
(deep) perineal membrane
and Colle’s fascia |
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What defines the Perineal
Cleft |
That portion of the superficial pouch bet. deep perineal fascia
and Colle’s fascia... |
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Why is the perineal cleft of clinical importance?
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space where infection can spread
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Anal Canal: Ectodermally derived- where does lymph go?
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inguinal lymph nodes
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Anal canal Superior to pectinate line, where does lymph go?
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internal iliac nodes
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What are internal hemmohorids?
External? |
Internal hemorrhoids- distension of
veins of internal venous plexus (e.g., portal hypertension) External hemorrhoids- distension of veins of external venous plexus (e.g., blockage of drainage) |
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"Features" of anal canal... (3)
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anal Sinuses
anal columns anal valves |
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What are the bony boundaries of the
perineum? (5) |
Pubic symphysis
Ischiopubic rami Ischial tuberosities Sacrotuberous ligaments Coccyx |
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Where does the perineum begin?
What does it include? |
inferior to the pelvic diaphragm:
includes external genitalia, muscles, and the anal canal |
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What makes up the Linea terminalis
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Arcuate line of ilia
Pectineal line of pubis |
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The measurement from the sacral promontory to inf. border of the pubic symphisis is...
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Diagonal conjugate
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The measurement from the sacral promontory to superior border of the pubic symphisis is...
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True (obstetrical) conjugate
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Compare difference between men and womens' pelvis
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Women
Wider, shallower Large oval-shaped brim Wider ischial tuberosities & spine Straighter sacrum Oval obturator foramen Subpubic angle >80° Men:Heart-shaped (?) brim Narrower More curved sacrum Round obturator foramen Subpubic angle <70° |
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List the muscles of the lesser pelvis
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Piriformis
Obturator internus Coccygeus m. Levator ani |
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What are the parts of Levator Ani?
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Iliococcygeus m
Pubococcygeus m. Puborectalis |
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What are the parts of Pubococcygeus?
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Puborectalis
Pubovaginalis Puboprostaticus |
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Weakness of the pelvic diaphragm
can result in what dysfunctions? |
urinary stress incontinence, bowel incontinence, and herniation or prolapse of pelvic viscera through the
perineum |
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Obturator nerve spinal cord levels
How do you find it? |
(L2-4)
medial to psoas |
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Lumbosacral trunk spinal cord levels
How do you find it? |
inf. ½ of ant. ramus L4 + ant. ramus L5
Crosses sacral ala to join sacral plexus |
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Superior gluteal nerve spinal cord levels
How do you find it? What does it innervate? |
(L4-S1) Exits greater sciatic
foramen, superior to Piriformis m. lesser gluteal mm |
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Inferior gluteal nerve spinal cord levels
How do you find it? What does it innervate? |
(L5-S2) (supplies gluteus maximus)
exits greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis |
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh spinal cord levels...
How do you find it? |
(S1-3) Runs with sciatic
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Sciatic nerve spinal cord levels
How do you find it? What two nerves does it comprise... |
(L4-S3) (=tibial & fibular nn.) Exits greater sciatic foramen, exits posterior to piriformis.
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Pudendal nerve spinal cord levels
How do you find it? |
(S2-S4)
crosses the ischial spine goes out greater sciatic foramen and into lesser sciatic foramen between obturator internus and levator ani. |
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Nerves to levator ani come from what branches of the sacral plexus?
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(S3,4)
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Nerves to obturator
internus come from what branches of the sacral plexus? |
(L5, S1,2)
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Posterior Division branches of Internal Illiac
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Superior Gluteal
Iliolumbar Lateral Sacral |
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How can you find the superior gluteal artery quickly?
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It runs between the Lumbosacral
trunk & S1 ant. ramus diving posterior into the GSF |
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What are the branches of the anterior division of the internal illiac?
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Umbilical artery
Obturator artery Uterine artery/Vaginal Artery Inferior vesical artery (males) Middle rectal artery Inferior gluteal artery Internal pudendal artery |
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what does the Umbilical artery become?
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Medial umbilical ligament
Superior vesical artery: |
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Whats unique about the Obturator artery?
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it sometimes (20%) has an accessory abbarant obturator that comes from inferior epigastrics and crosses pubic ramus
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what branches from the uterine artery?
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vaginal artery
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Put in order anterior to posterior:
Ureter, Vaginal a., Uterine a. |
Uterine a.
Ureter Vaginal a. |
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What supplies the inferior bladder?
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Inferior vesical artery in males
vaginal arteries in females |
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Where does the inferior veisical artery come from?
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Can be from the middle rectal a. or a direct branch of internal iliac
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What does the inferior vesicular artery supply?
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inferior bladder, ductus deferens,
seminal vesicle, and prostate |
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What are the three arteries of the rectum and where do they originate from?
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Superior - IMA
Middle Rectal -anterior division of internal iliac Inferior rectal - internal pudendal |
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What's in Alcock’s canal?
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Pudendal n.
Int. pudendal a. Ext. pudendal a. |
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What are the folds in the rectum called
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Transverse folds or valves of houston
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Wht is the transition into the rectum called?
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rectosigmoid junction
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what is the posterior part of the rectum called? What does it do?
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Rectal ampulla
allows for expansion of fecal matter |
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whats the relationship between Ureter to uterine a
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posterior
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What is the relationship between Ureter to ductus deferens
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inferior
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What are the spaces/pouches in the pelvis? (4)
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Retropubic space
Rectouterine pouch vesicouterine pouch retovesical pouch |
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What's the name of the ligament from the uterus to the ovaries?
Embryological Origin? |
Proper Ovarian Ligament
Gubernaculum |
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What are the parts of the uterine tube
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Fimbrae
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus Uterine orifices |
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Parts of the uterus
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Fundus
Body Isthmus Cervix |
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Layers of the Uterus
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Perimetrium
myometrium endometrium |
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Uterine ligaments (5)
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Uterosacral ligaments
Cardinal ligament (=transverse cervical ligaments) Broad Ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary proper ovarian ligament |
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Each ejaculatory duct
opens into? |
prostatic urethra
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Parts of ductus defferens from testes to penis
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Epididymis
Ductus deferens Ampulla of d.d. Ejaculatory duct Prostate |
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Semen =
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sperm cells +
secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands |
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what openings are in the prostate?
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Openings of prostatic ducts
Opening of an ejaculatory duct |
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What are enlarged prostate lobes called?
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Hyperplastic
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What are the names of the prostatic lobules
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Superomedial lobule
Anteromedial lobule Inferolateral lobule Inferoposterior lobule Isthmus of the prostate |
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what is the Isthmus of the prostate composed of? What does it secrete?
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smoothe and skeletal muscle
no secretions |
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What is the most common site of prostatic carcinoma? Why is this concerning?
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Inferoposterior lobe
Prostatic venous plexus lacks valves, communicates with the internal vertebral venous plexuses • Creates a pathway for metastasis of prostatic cancer to the vertebral column |
