Milady Chapter 12 He

Front 1

Acidic solution

Back 1

A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral)

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Alkaline solution

Back 2

A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral)

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Alkalis

Back 3

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts.

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Alkanolamines

Back 4

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

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Alpha hydroxy acids

Back 5

Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.

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Ammonia

Back 6

Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

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Anion

Back 7

An ion with a negative electrical charge.

Front 8

Atoms

Back 8

The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element.

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Cation

Back 9

An ion with a positive electrical charge.

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Chemical change

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A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.

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Chemical properties

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Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change.

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Chemistry

Back 12

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions.

Front 13

Combustion

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Rapid oxidatin of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

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Compound molecules

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Also knwon as compunds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions.

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Element

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The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of indentity.

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Element molecule

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Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.

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Emulsifier

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An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into uniform and fairly stable blend.

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Emulsion

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An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.

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Exothermic reactions

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Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.

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Glycerin

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Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.

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Immincible

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Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.

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Inorganic chemistry

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The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen.

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Ion

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An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

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Ionization

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The separtaion of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

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Lyophilic

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Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving

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Logarithmic

Back 26

Multiples of ten.

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Matter

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Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

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Miscible

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Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions.

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Molecule

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A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions.

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Oil in water imulsion

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Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water.

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Organic chemistry

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The study of substances that contain the element cabon.

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Oxidation

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A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

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Oxidation reduction

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Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)

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Oxidizing agent

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Substance that releases oxygen.

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Ph

Back 35

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

Front 36

Ph scale

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A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.

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Physical change

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A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reactionor the creation of a new substance.

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Physical mixture

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A physical combination of matter in any proportions.

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Physical properties

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Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemcial change in the substance.

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Pure substance

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A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

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Reducing agent

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A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compund or subtracts oxygen from the compound.

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Reduction

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The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction.

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Reduction

Back 43

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction.

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Reduction reaction

Back 44

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance.

Front 45

Silicones

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Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.

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Solute

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The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

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Solution

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A stable physical mixture of two or more substances.

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Solvent

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The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

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States of matter

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The three diffferent physical forms of matter- solid, liquid, and gas.

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Surfactants

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A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

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Suspensions

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Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Hint 51

Suspension

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Thioglycide acid

Back 52

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.

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Volitile alcohols

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Alcohols that evaporate easily.

Front 54

Volatile organic compounds

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Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).

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Water in oil emulsion

Back 55

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil